Lecture notes from the the first semester.
Contents
- Week 35
- Week 36
- Week 37
- Week 38
- Week 39
- Process Design
- Toke Møller, Inter Change
- Floris Koot, Development Zone KP
- Kirstine Simoni og Jacob Paaske, Danish Youth Council
- Goos Geuersen
- The Chaos Alliance, Lemmy Kook, Oufa Rian, Morten Ove
- Gry Guldberg, Development Zone KP
- Mick Cordero and Jonas Lidman, KP Team 10
- The Chaos Alliance, Lemmy Kook, Oufa Rian, Morten Ove
- Gry Guldberg, Development Zone KP
- Mick Cordero and Jonas Lidman, KP Team 10
- Process Design
- Week 40
- Week 41
- Week 42
- Week 43
- Week 44
- Organisation, Systemic Thinking and Leadership
- Ouafa Rian
- Ebbe Lundgård, COOP Norden and former Miniter of Culture
- Uffe Elbæk, KP
- Ørjan Jensen
- Frank Aggerholm, Danish University of Education
- Ebbe Lundgård, COOP Norden and former Miniter of Culture
- Uffe Elbæk, KP
- Ørjan Jensen
- Frank Aggerholm, Danish University of Education
- Johan Galtung, Founder of The International Peace Research Institute
- Laila Wodke Nissen, Physical Trainer
- Organisation, Systemic Thinking and Leadership
- Week 45
- Wekk 46
- Wekk 47
- Wekk 48
- Wekk 49
- Wekk 50
Week 35
Team building
The Academy of Untammed Creativity
Week 36
Learning and the responsibilities for learning
Thøger Michelsen, Attractor
A Practical Perspective on Learning Theories By Thøger Riis Michelsen
www.attractor.dk
Main focus:
• Appreciative inquiry
• How do I learn?
• What will I do to learn the most?
ZPD - Zone for Proximal Development • A dialogue between a student and his/her future
• not a dialogue between a student and the teacher’s past
Elements of the learning experience
Auditorial
- • Listening to a teacher or reading a book. • Followed by homework and the teacher controlling the homework (typically the mistakes are underlined) • Homework is designed to please the teacher • The student is not in contact with his/her own future • Focus on the mistakes
Laboratorial
- • Trying out theory in a safe environment (e.g. Team 12’s classroom) • Reflection
Experiencing/implementing
- • Trying out theory in REAL life • Reflection
Past experiences and expectations
A student pursues a problem/project by using already known experiences integrated with new knowledge and understanding. Through trial-error you evaluate this integration. This constructs a new understanding/higher level understanding. Learning is evaluation.
Exercise: How do I learn? Divide into groups. Each group has the following characters:
The storyteller Share an experience where he or she learned something
- (e.g. How I learned to bicycle or read)
The interviewer Ask for details in the story told by the storyteller.
- (e.g. what was the weather like, were you alone, tired etc)
Listener (can be more than one)
- Writes down all the elements that surrounded the storyteller when he or she had the learning experience. Write everything down on Post-it notes and read them out loud to the storyteller afterwards.
What is the exercise good for?
• Focus on how I learn
• Compare and share experiences
• Evaluation
• Reflection
• Sharpen self-consciousness
• Be surprised by differences and similarities
Giving and taking an education Remember to be aware of the difference between giving and taking and education. The standard Scandinavian school system is based on giving students an education. Maybe KP can be a school for people taking their education.
Heliotrop as a principle for learning
Helio = sun
Trop = turning
It is referring to the sunflower that follows the sun throughout the day.
Hawthorn studies – shows that the teacher’s expectations control much of the learning process.
People/organizations have a tendency to move towards their expectations about the future Positive ideas and expectations about the future is therefore very important Positive expectations open up a room for dialogue where people can express their wishes about the future. By realizing the desired scenario you generate an increased engagement and activity level.
Exercise: What do I want to learn? How will I learn this – what training do I need? What help do I need?
Go into groups of two & answer these questions.
Compentence – thinking, doing and wanting
Knowledge Theory Brains
Skill Practical Ability Hands
Attitude Will and Passion Spirit
Leadership and followship
Constructive followship
• Give authority away
• React clearly
• Tell people if they are not constructive
• Relate to the process
• Bring in constructive ideas
• Offer your assistance
• Focus on the positive aspects of the process
• Give the leader time to evaluate the different suggestions
Exercise: Non-stop writing Write for 7-8 minutes starting with the following sentence: When I think about my preferred way of learning then…
Jørgen Clausen, Testrup Højskole
Learning and Globalization By Jørgen Clausen
Main focus: • Concept of lifelong learning • Self generating software (people as modern robots) • The Danish folk high school - “Folkehøyskole”
Lifelong learning “Die in a competent way” – the sole definition of lifelong learning
• Remember to be critical of the gospel of the future as well as aspects of the past. • Be critical of the modern world and remember to reflect, not only react.
Danish Folk high school - A Scandinavian phenomenon - A high school with open classes, no hand-outs and no grades – an open environment. - N. F. S. Grundtvig (1783-1872)
Restricted learning situations versus Open learning situations • Lecturers presenting slides/Power points • Engaged lecturers • Students reading the slides • Students choose their subjects • Teachers handing out the slides
The gospel of Jørgen Clausen • Let the subject be the goal, not tools to get good grades • Stress who you are, rather then how clever you are in a traditional way • No subject is larger than life, so remember life and live an important life
• Ask yourself: Why am I here? Where do I wish to end up? What are my values? Am I living my life? Do I out thoughts/desires into action?
• Learning institutions are now being run as companies, minimizing individuals taking educations focusing on learning experiences that take long time. Study: Latin origin Studio meaning Desire, Lust • Kaospilot school – is being flexible and open only virtues? Is there too little criticism? Reflect more on the processes you are in. (In Roskide university they have started a new study: Self branding Is that about self-pimping or self-realization/exploring yourself?)
Globalization What are our hopes for the future? Do we want a happy society or a small Japan (stressful, high suicide rate)? We need to have this in mind when we create learning institutions as well.
Jette Laursen, CVU
Kjeld Fredens, The Danish council of competences
Week 37
Project Design
Uffe Elbæk, KP
Bjarne Stark, Learning Zone KP
Peter Busch, Learning Zone KP
Niko Grünferld, Development Zone KP
Dynamic Project Management By Nico Grünfeld
ICF – international coaching federation - http://www.coachfederation.org/eweb/
Outcome: ▪ That you know how to start up a dynmic project
▪ That you can experiment with different models in your future workonesa re closed.
▪ Understand the DP-mindset (the KP-mindset)
Dialogue vs discussion Arguments, having right (hmm) vs. development mutual understanding
Questions and exercises ▪ What is my expectations for the lecture:
What is dynamic project managements vs a more traditional approach, what windows are opened up to me and which
▪ What are our dreams:
E.g Elisabeth New PC Develop painting Travel with Torfinn New shower Be certain of my ideas, my strengths and find environment to use them during and after school.
What is the purpose of telling our dreams?
▪ Create a positive mindset
▪ Be aware of what you want, what you are interested in,
What can dreams lead to? ▪ Happiness
▪ Boredom
▪ Potential
▪ Visions
▪ Hope
Think of this question in the break. What is to fulfill a dream? ▪ To create reality, shape reality
▪ To partake in reality, make it some of me
▪ Feeling of achievement
Questions written on a different board, somewhere else in the room. Spend 7 min to write the answers. ▪ Why are you here today?'
Interested Curious Hungry for knowledge See new solutions and perspectives
▪ What drives you in a project?
The end result, but also the creation
▪ From what perspektive would you like to see the world from this week?
Open minded Focus on my strengths
▪ What are you aiming to learn?
See different solutions on how. Get concrete tools on how to lead, gjennomføre a project
▪ Why did we do this exercise?
Be focused on what to get out the class
TEAM PERFORMANCE Who are you today? Why are you the way you the way are? Listen to the team players. What are the goals of the members? Be not only aware of the the goals and results, but also the process.
Team performance model Drexler/Sibbet – www.grove.com
1. Orientation – why are you here?
2. Trustbuilding – who are you? (Skills, but also hobbies)
3. Goals, visions, purpose – who are we? What do we want?= The preject
4. Commitment – Will we do it?
5. Implementation - Time and action plans (gannt charts, timetables)
6. High performance: Wow (if things goes smoothly, be the inspiration, aim higher, bring in new ideas)
7. Renewal/Future – what is next? (Do we need to reconsider, have times/society changed, what needs to be done to improve)
As a project manager don’t be afraid to say that we need breaks
▪ Why are you thoughts on this model?
▪ What is the consequenses of dropping the preject phase? Not unfold the potensial of you team members and raise the potential
Designing the alliance – create the context for the preject or for getting to know new people.
▪ What is the biggest difference between a traditional and dynamic project Goal-oriented vs vision-oriented project Symphony orchestra vs jam-session
▪ Turning visions/dreams into real-world realizations, instead of creating an overall vision for a real-world business.
▪ What is the energy in the room? Let people speak up. Blurt out.
PROJECT PHASES
▪ Preject – personal and project wise.
▪ Decisions platform:
Beginning:How to create more knowledge
- (research, meeting new people) Make many decisions
▪ Goal setting phase (precision vs motivation – when describing the goal)
▪ Concept development phase (realism vs symbolism)
- Start with visions and dreams to elevate the project. Let visions instead realism steer the project.
▪ Implication phase (management vs examination)
▪ Evaluation phase ()justification vs strategy/learning
PROJECT GUIDE Project and goal clarification 1. Title
2. Foreword
3. Need (Question #1 – Is there an internal and external needs?)
4. Background (Surroundings? Competitors? Market? Technology? Political signals?)
5. Idea (Basic idea? Story? What is the added value?)
6. Vision (Short power sentence – slogan?)
7. Purpose (Short term and long term achievements?)
8. Values (What values do we reflect? And are reflected?)
9. Principles (Underlying principles? Eg. The Kaospilot six values)
10. Dynamic process goal (What should we do? What are our goals?)
11. Team (Why am I here? Who are you? What do we want/need? Roles? Learning goals? Interested parties? Network? Competences? Challenges? Resources? CSC?)
12. Rules of the game (How do we want to communicate? Decision prosess?)
13. Project metaphor (A common picture on the project’s challenges/potensial/complexity?)
Creative concept development
14. Concept (Describe the concept in detail?)
15. Creativity
16. Dynamic time and action plan (Visualize the dynamic goal? Wha has to be done?)
17. Resources
18. Points of special attetion
Methods
Implementation of dynamic goal
19. Script/follow up
20. Putting into perspective
21. Making the project visible
22. Reflection adn learning
23. Conclusion
Methods
Main elements in a project ▪ Need – Idea – Vision/Purpose – Principles/Values – Concept – Team – Action
Game plan: Se gameplan.ai
▪ Idea vs Concept The idea of what you want to do. The concept is how you want to do it.
Ketan Lakhani
Personal Leadership By Ketan Lakhani
Zulu phrases: Sani Bonani I see you all Ubuntu Ngamuntu Ababantu I am only a person through other persons
Starting exercise: Write down the following on a note: 1. Who are you? 2. A learning question 3. What is your fear today/here?
1. The first question was answered by most of us by stating: Age, nationality and name. Why do we do this? • Habit • Skandinavian Language Complex (whatever this is)
2. Remember the distinction between a learning question and describing learning goals. A question gives you a possibility of an answer.
3. It is remember to get to know your fears. Take reponsibility for your own fear/anxiety. You, yourself should know what you should take responsibilty for and what you shouldn’t care about. When it comes to the feeling of inadequacy – remember to compare yourself to similar sizes. Or else you will easily come out as inferior.
These three parts states: 1. Who we are 2. What we desire 3. What we fear - and they determine our behaviour.
Is there a difference between leadership and personal leadership?
Exercise: Group A answers this question: Write down the qualities of a leader Answers: Able to listen, strong, having drive, risk taking, having overview, motivated/motivating, balanced.
Group B answers this question: Think of a person you personally know as a leader and write down hers/his qualities. Answers: Respectful, emphatic, calm, consistant, experienced, resourceful, clear, having an overview, wize
Group A emphasizes external qualities and action whereas Group B focuses on internal qualities and though.
What is leadership? In what areas do we find books on leadership?
Business Military What are the kjennemerke of these areas? Politics They are: hierachical, power-oriented, ”aggresive”, focused on single Religion ideas. Masculin endevors.
1839 – Industrual Revolution Introduced mass production and changed the notion of leadership. Leadership became a commodity.
I am only a person through other persons
If you treat a person as less than human, it will affect you. If you where alone on a lonely island with one another person that you treat as less than human, you will self suffer a loss of humanity. This less than human can’t see you as fully human either.
Ketan’s vision of the layers in an organization or a society
How can we change the wetware?
Exercise: Write down your 10 most important values on post-it notes. Then reduce the 10 to six, then to 3, then to 1.
Was a person the value you ended up with? In that case you are fucked, that person will eventually die. Does it mean that if that person die, your value die? Remember to separate the symbol from the object.
What decides out choices? Why are you making the chioces you do? Ketan believes you can alter everything within a person if you just go far enough through the layers that determines our choices. For some changes you need to go all the way back and change the worldview.
Perspective Remember that you are the person that out meaning into things. The perspective can change.
Resistance to change Exercise: Fold your arms around eachother. Then fold them again, but this time let the opposite arm be on top.
We have a natural resistance to change, because every change means a death. How should we as a leader be aware of the different stages people go through when they meet change and how should we act?
Bliss Brown, Imagine Chicago
Designing a change process of a whole city
- By Bliss Brown
HOW DO WE CREATE SPACE FOR POSSIBILITY Eg. Lynfabrikken – physical space for design possibilities.
▪ Distinction Work and home/lessure
Public and private life – more safe at home
To be able to be bring in the best from the different areas. Eg. Lynfabrikken: The room is multirealized – homey, store, cafe, working space.
Space and possiblities – create mountains in Denmark using tankers and airplanes
Exercise: Context and perspective
Circle: 0
Number: 103
Number: M0M
Sunset and mountains: M0M
▪ Mental maps The edge between the familiar and the unknown
How do persieve ourselves? Focus on the solutions/possibilities for change rather than the problem.
▪ What makes life more open, more filled with possibilities: Mental maps Difference – multiplicity (mangfold) Synergy – innovation Dialogue – communication Being on the edge/learning:
▪ not knowing the end result
▪ not pretending to know
▪ taking risks
- ▪ risking failure ▪ willing to organise yourself around questions, not answers. ▪ basing your engagement and belief on learning, not success
Trust/safety
Community
Open minedness
Whole heartedness
Power of language
▪ Who make the change, who are in charge?
”We” are – the community are.
Divided imagination about the city – divides people, institutionize the difference and people die.
▪ The how Challenges:
- How do we disarm cynicism?
- Divide realism/criticism from cynicism?
- Constructive communication
Words like no, not, don’t etc. will not register in the mind. Eg. Don’t hit the ball into the woods. The brain picks up ”ball” and ”woods” Everytime you say this you are reinforcing the the connection between ball and woods, instead of breaking it up. Use positive reinforcements, make positive connections.
You can choose you language, free yourself from habits and imprints.
Exercise: How does the mind affect physical strength?
Write down 3 things you like about yourself
Write down 3 things you dislike about yourself
The fasicilitor will pull down the arm of a person while first tellimg him/her the 3 things he/she likes about him/herself and then names the 3 dislikes. What do you think happens?
Exercise: What question can someone ask you that will make you want to connect with him/her?
E: Is that curiosity in your face?
- What is that curiosity in your face? (Bliss comment)
Others Can I buy you a coffee?
- What do you want do with your life? What are you dreams? What is love to you? Of all the places you have been, which place stole your heart? (Bliss comment) Of all places, where did you feel most alive? (Bliss comment)
From ideas to action:
Understand – imagine – create
Exercise: Go to the person you felt had the most important idea for development
▪ Renouncing/disarm cynicism
- Understand it Sparegris into where the fines for being cynical is paid (this is not reframing the attitude) Have you remembered to say yes today?
▪ Communicate learning & Be on the edge/risk taking
- Follow the flow, don’t over-analyse/maximize crisis Confront your fears of failure
- Trust the process
▪ Openhearted ▪ Being enthusiastic
- Spontaneuos - Provocations - Changes – turn and face the change
▪ Connecting public and private
- Government listening to people – edge idea. Allied with the edge-group.
▪ Listening to as many voices as possible
- Student radio Invite new people/not the common crowd Og to the least innvative places and makes things happen
Go and brainstorm for 15 min and write down more concrete and focused ideas. The result is more practical and opens the door for innovation. An idea will first have power when it is lived. Take it one step at the time.
Innovation – new things/concepts
Why do we act the way we do?
Past
Present
Future
Force
Fear
Politics
Environment
Belief
Religion
Money
Geography
Genes
Childhood
Hope
Expectations
Habit
Heart School
Effectiveness = What to do, how to do it and will to do it.
Imagine Chicago Lets imagine a city where >>insert dream<< Eg. Lets imagine a city where no ones life is wasted. Imagine God’s economy. What does that mean? Create a city of economy where no one is wasted. Everyone is essencially nessecary to the economy.
Week 38
Project Design
Peter Busch, Learning Zone, KP
Niko Grünferld, Development Zone KP
Dynamic Project Management By Nico Grünfeld
(telemark-skiing, coaching, fotball) ICF – international coaching federation - http://www.coachfederation.org/eweb/
Outcome: ▪ That you know how to start up a dynmic project ▪ That you can experiment with different models in your future workonesa re closed. ▪ Understand the DP-mindset (the KP-mindset)
Dialogue vs discussion Arguments, having right (hmm) vs. development mutual understanding
Questions and exercises ▪ What is my expectations for the lecture: What is dynamic project managements vs a more traditional approach, what windows are opened up to me and which
▪ What are our dreams: E.g Elisabeth New PC Develop painting Travel with Torfinn New shower Be certain of my ideas, my strengths and find environment to use them during and after school.
What is the purpose of telling our dreams? ▪ Create a positive mindset ▪ Be aware of what you want, what you are interested in,
What can dreams lead to? ▪ Happiness ▪ Boredom ▪ Potential ▪ Visions ▪ Hope
Think of this question in the break. What is to fulfill a dream? ▪ To create reality, shape reality ▪ To partake in reality, make it some of me ▪ Feeling of achievement
Questions written on a different board, somewhere else in the room. Spend 7 min to write the answers. ▪ Why are you here today? Interested Curious Hungry for knowledge See new solutions and perspectives
▪ What drives you in a project? The end result, but also the creation ▪ From what perspektive would you like to see the world from this week? Open minded Focus on my strengths ▪ What are you aiming to learn? See different solutions on how. Get concrete tools on how to lead, gjennomføre a project
▪ Why did we do this exercise? Be focused on what to get out the class
TEAM PERFORMANCE Who are you today? Why are you the way you the way are? Listen to the team players. What are the goals of the members? Be not only aware of the the goals and results, but also the process.
Team performance model Drexler/Sibbet – www.grove.com
1. Orientation – why are you here? 2. Trustbuilding – who are you? (Skills, but also hobbies) 3. Goals, visions, purpose – who are we? What do we want? = The preject 4. Commitment – Will we do it? 5. Implementation - Time and action plans (gannt charts, timetables) 6. High performance: Wow (if things goes smoothly, be the inspiration, aim higher, bring in new ideas) 7. Renewal/Future – what is next? (Do we need to reconsider, have times/society changed, what needs to be done to improve)
As a project manager don’t be afraid to say that we need breaks
▪ Why are you thoughts on this model?
▪ What is the consequenses of dropping the preject phase? Not unfold the potensial of you team members and raise the potential
Designing the alliance – create the context for the preject or for getting to know new people.
▪ What is the biggest difference between a traditional and dynamic project Goal-oriented vs vision-oriented project Symphony orchestra vs jam-session
▪ Turning visions/dreams into real-world realizations, instead of creating an overall vision for a real-world business.
▪ What is the energy in the room? Let people speak up. Blurt out.
PROJECT PHASES ▪ Preject – personal and project wise. ▪ Decisions platform:
- Beginning: How to create more knowledge
- (research, meeting new people) Make many decisions
▪ Goal setting phase (precision vs motivation – when describing the goal) ▪ Concept development phase (realism vs symbolism)
- Start with visions and dreams to elevate the project. Let visions instead realism steer the project.
▪ Implication phase (management vs examination) ▪ Evaluation phase ()justification vs strategy/learning
PROJECT GUIDE Project and goal clarification 1. Title 2. Foreword 3. Need (Question #1 – Is there an internal and external needs?) 4. Background (Surroundings? Competitors? Market? Technology? Political signals?) 5. Idea (Basic idea? Story? What is the added value?) 6. Vision (Short power sentence – slogan?) 7. Purpose (Short term and long term achievements?) 8. Values (What values do we reflect? And are reflected?) 9. Principles (Underlying principles? Eg. The Kaospilot six values) 10. Dynamic process goal (What should we do? What are our goals?) 11. Team (Why am I here? Who are you? What do we want/need? Roles? Learning goals? Interested parties? Network? Competences? Challenges? Resources? CSC?) 12. Rules of the game (How do we want to communicate? Decision prosess?) 13. Project metaphor (A common picture on the project’s challenges/potensial/complexity?)
Creative concept development 14. Concept (Describe the concept in detail?) 15. Creativity 16. Dynamic time and action plan (Visualize the dynamic goal? Wha has to be done?) 17. Resources 18. Points of special attetion Methods
Implementation of dynamic goal 19. Script/follow up 20. Putting into perspective 21. Making the project visible 22. Reflection adn learning 23. Conclusion Methods
Main elements in a project ▪ Need – Idea – Vision/Purpose – Principles/Values – Concept – Team – Action
Game plan: Se gameplan.ai
▪ Idea vs Concept The idea of what you want to do. The concept is how you want to do it.
Week 39
Process Design
Toke Møller, Inter Change
Floris Koot, Development Zone KP
Open Space Process By Floris Koot
Agenda Welcome Shake body and head. Make bizarre statues both with and without sound. Check In Give a weather report, both with sound and physical mimic.
- Eg. Tired *yawning with hand over mouth*)
Rules of the Game Workshop 3 rounds in several different rooms. Presentation 1 min presentation of what happened in your space. Check Out Tombs up & point a gun at
- /or/
What do you bring with you this morning? & What did you take with you?
Questions Why, what
Why an OS process? Why are we meeting? Have a clear and expressed purpose with the meeting. What do I need and what can I offer to strengthen our principles and purpose?
Rules of the Game 4 principles: Whoever comes are the right people Whatever happens is the only thing that could have happened It starts when it starts It is over when it is over
3 vital ingredients needed to let self-organization arise: A higher common purpose A willingness to work together A level of personal maturity and self mastery
Make an offer (write down a question/topic) you would like to discuss. Eg. Who is Team 12? We have all these conversations with the main purpose in the back of our head. 3 rounds: Lasting 25 min, 10 min, 30 min. Could be a day between each round and longer lasting rounds.
3 roles: The butterfly The bie The walker|
When is OS a good tool? Not controlling For a complex problems/challenges When people are not after a single solution When people are open to the process
www.openspaceworld.org
Edit conflict - other version:
Open Space Process By Floris Koot
Agenda Welcome Shake body and head. Make bizarre statues both with and without sound. Check In Give a weather report, both with sound and physical mimic.
- Eg. Tired *yawning with hand over mouth*)
Rules of the Game Workshop 3 rounds in several different rooms. Presentation 1 min presentation of what happened in your space. Check Out Tombs up & point a gun at
- /or/
What do you bring with you this morning? & What did you take with you?
Questions Why, what
Why an OS process? Why are we meeting? Have a clear and expressed purpose with the meeting. What do I need and what can I offer to strengthen our principles and purpose?
Rules of the Game 4 principles: Whoever comes are the right people Whatever happens is the only thing that could have happened It starts when it starts It is over when it is over
3 vital ingredients needed to let self-organization arise: A higher common purpose A willingness to work together A level of personal maturity and self mastery
Make an offer (write down a question/topic) you would like to discuss. Eg. Who is Team 12? We have all these conversations with the main purpose in the back of our head. 3 rounds: Lasting 25 min, 10 min, 30 min. Could be a day between each round and longer lasting rounds.
3 roles: The butterfly The bie The walker|
When is OS a good tool? Not controlling For a complex problems/challenges When people are not after a single solution When people are open to the process
www.openspaceworld.org
Edit conflict - your version:
End of edit conflict
Kirstine Simoni og Jacob Paaske, Danish Youth Council
Goos Geuersen
Edit conflict - other version:
Visualization in processes By Goot Geursen
PART 1
Constellations – the purpose • Visual representation with of a problem • Unveiling group dynamic • Figuring out what is wrong, what is not working without asking. • Extending you level of consciousness to be more aware of the relations between people
- (energy, team spirit)
The client The client is the person asking the question. The client is never part of the constellation in the beginning to see the system from the outside. The client can decide to partake in the system afterwards, directly.
The representatives The representatives are an anonymous group. The more detached the representatives are from the question and client, the purer the constellation.
The audience The audience is the people watching the constellation and its development.
The analysis Remember that the constellation only shows the clients truth, not necessarily the only truth. Talk about the revealed dynamics. Which representations were left out that could have been important in the constellation or which representations didn’t have the impact first thought.
PART 2
Be authentic • How to stat with yourself and be authentic • Be centered and grounded
Exercise 1: Place your thoughts in your head, your stomach and your feet. Let someone press your collarbone and press you backwards. Feel the difference when moving focus
Exercise 2: First let someone push your arm in an angle Then press your muscles to prevent the person from bending your arm Then imagine your arm as the hose and the water is flowing through your arm and to the garden.
Self 1 → Ego, judging self Self 2 → Natural self
Literature: The inner game of… by Timothy Galway (tennis player)
Exercise 3 - Guided fantasy: Grounded with your feet, on a chair Close your eyes Story told by a host Visualization of an ideal setting Exercise 4: Based on charka
Chakra Location Meaning 1st charka Sexual organ/anus Money, earth and nature, the basic grounding Root chakra 2nd charka Stomach area Playful charka Orange chakra 3rd charka Solar plexus Ego, self respect Solar Plexus chakra 4th charka Heart region Compassion Heart chakra 5th charka Throat Throat charka
- Resonate with other, language, communicate with the people
Throat chakra 6th charka Between the eyes The third eye, the feel for the culture Brow chakra 7th charka Above your head Higher state of consciousness Crown charka
The Chaos Alliance, Lemmy Kook, Oufa Rian, Morten Ove
Dialogue, learning and listening By Lemmy Kook Jensen, Ouafa Rian, Morten Ove & Gry Guldberg
The KaosAlliance Heartcore Communication – Lemmy Kook Jensen Honesty (rhetoric) – Gry Guldberg Coherence – Morten Ove The Many Voices– Ouafa Rian
The KaosAlliance is a network fighting to develop leadership in emerging from coherence in complex systems.
Guiding principles Be present or be somewhere else Search for questions, not for answers Engage constructively with yourself, the others and us.
Hopes for the outcome of this day - What is rhetoric and what is honesty? Investigating the balance between manipulation and telling/doing the truth - Opening up to new and improved ways of communicating - Learn how to ask the good questions
Divide into 4 groups (Presence Coherence Complexity Honesty)
The Heart and Mind wall Exercise (morning, lunch, afternoon): Write down or illustrate a word describe the state of your heart and mind.
Lesson 1: Heartcore Communication - Why isn't everybody thinking like me? By Lemmy Kook Jensen
Dream Journey 1-2-3 Beach, Sun, The Earth, Forest Path Open spot Rock Glowing Diamond Clear feeling Evident perception There is something on your heart There is something you want to tell the world There is something you want to show the world Old man, Secret 1-2-3
When I was a student at the KaosPilots • People were always talking • People were always saying the same things again and again • Some people talked all the time, some were always quiet • How did we communicate? • Did we communicate? • What about coherence? • I often ask myself if we were present • Did we forget to nurse the connections? • Maybe there was a lack of "Stimmung"; we weren't tuned in; vibrations that didn't catch the same beat or pulse • But how come? We had the language; the word by mouth and we said a lot of words? • Did our brains cheat our hearts
Do we have to say something to communicate?
Exercise 1: How do we act without saying something? The voice is sounds Sound are vibrations But where are these vibrations coming from? From our mind or our heart?
I want you to count to ten, in chronological order, starting with 0 Everyone must say at least one number If two or more persons say the same number, you start all over again There must be no pattern in the way you execute the task.
So how do we communicate with the language? Where is communication anchored when we can't see the words?
Why this exercise: Be aware, and be present. Know when to listen and when to speak.
What is important when listening? The listener, the storyteller and the space between.
Exercise 2: How do we listen? The 4 levels of listening Level 1: We can listen with starting point in oneself Level 2: We can listen with interest (ask questions) Level 3: We can listen with our mind and our body (fully aware of the other person, her/his body language) Level 4: We can listen with the pit of our heart (seing what the other person is saying to me underneath it all)
Get together in pairs of two. Listen on level 1 Listen on level 2 Listen on level 3
What is listening about? How do we create an inner broadband for good listening? What is most important when we listen: Me? You? Us?
Exercise 3: Are we important enough to each other? In order to make to clear communication we must create coherence To create coherence we must connect In order to connect we must be so important to each other that we are being honest
So let's try to listen on level 4 Are we important enough for each other to be honest or to listen. Listen quietly for 1 min. Then rotate.
While you are listening try to sense how important the other person is to you. Find out what connects you Communicate what connects you to each other. Be honest.
How can coherence emerge? How do we nurse coherence? How do we strengthen your connections?
Exercise 4: How does it feel when you tell the world what's on your heart We can try to pretend that we are someone else that the person we are We can be busy running We can believe that we are independent people with no connections to the people around us We can get in sync with the person we are and fully act out this person We can be busy being present and honest We can believe that we are dependent on the people around us and connect in order to create coherence
Communicate what you want to tell and show the world
How did you feel? Where could you feel it? What happens if this feeling gets your starting point of communication?
Lesson 2: Body and Dialogue By Gry Guldberg
Learning goal: Be conscious about how you use your language and what impact your verbal actions have on you and the people around us. Any phrase expressed is a verbal action
Literature: Goffman (everyday theatre)
Big talk and small talk Big talk Say only what is necessary according to the goal of the conversation. Say only what you think is true. Don not say something you are not sure if you believe in. Be relevant, stick to the subject. Express yourself clearly and directly, without any possibility for misinterepretation.
Exercise: Where could a big talk be appropriate for team 12 (3 & 3) Make a list.
Simple talk (small talk) – the principle of politeness Take care of people around you. Avoid that your words increase people’s ability to act Be generous and fulfill other people’s need (or express that you want to fulfill them) Be positive. Avoid criticizing the one you are talking to. Support and express you sympathy instead. Be modest. Avoid telling about your advantages, reject kind words and be self critical. Agree. Seek common ground and avoid disagreement. Use phrasing like: Yes, but…
Exercise: When were you last polite to someone in team 12 (2 & 2)
Question: Do you see small talk as an advantage or disadvantage regarding leadership?
Exercise: What characteristics hide beneath these sentences? (2 & 2) 1. Hi John, wouldn’t you be nice and turn of the radio?
- Politely/ seeking compromice
2. Ehh, John. Would you mind switching off the radio?
3. Wouldn’t it be nice to switch that radio off, John?
- Hinting at a group benefit. Not me, but we.
4. John! Would you switch that radio off?
- Direct order
5. Just switch that radio off, please
- Uncompromising, but with a please
6. Just switch that radio off
7. Switch that radio off
- Commanding
8. Get that radio switched off!
- Offended, you should know better-tone
9. Could you then get that radio switched off?
10. Go and get that radio switched off right away!
- Commanding action
11. God damn! Get that radio switched off or I’ll…
- Threat
Characteristics: Question Negation (not) Verbs in preteritum Adverbs that loosen up the sentence (just, kindly) Please, bitte, por favor etc
Indirect techniques of down-toning the expressed Example: Turning of the radio 1. What a day. I am completely tired (understated: please turn of the radio) 2. My work is quite difficult, I have to concentrate a lot. But I think you know that feeling. 3. Sorry, may I ask you something? Doesn’t that radio play louder than it use to? 4. Are you still listening to the radio, John? 5. Can you reach the button? I don’t feel like switching it off. 6. You would make me happy by switching off the radio. 7. Would you mind switching off the radio 8. Isn’t the radio able to play any louder? What about some more volume?
Interpretations 1-2: Talking about something else 3-4: Saying it in an indirect way. E.g. try to begin in a sympathetic way. 5-6: Informing how you would feel if the desired action happened. 7: Ask for the other’s opinion about the action 8: Use irony, jokes or non-transparent expressions
Face or fiasco – interaction between people The face is the positive and idealistic image of our own position and value one has of one self. One seeks to have this image confirmed by other people through their verbal actions and contact. This means your face is not a personal affair. You need to have your face confirmed by others. But at the same time they can destroy, interrupt and break down the face or mask you wear. You acknowledge and confirm a person’s presence through verbal actions, and are being confirmed and acknowledged through other people’s verbal actions.
Questions: When was your face last interrupted? Which verbal expressions can break down your face?
Exercise: (in plenum) When did you last lose your face? How did your body react when you lost your face?
Lesson 3: Reflection on process, communication and coherence By Morten Ove
(Entire lecture is giving without use of the voice, there is a powerpoint assisted by a second screen where Morten is writing all his thoughts in a notepad document as we go through the slides. He is talking personally to his audience through a simple text-editor, wirting down his immediate thoughts. Silence, music and live text – a live message)
Authenticity and communication Be real, be authentic, be yourself Communicating is interacting is relating is communicating is…
The Human Game (call your own bluff, change the game) Communicating without filters It is easy being just cool, the important subculture – I want to be accepted as I am, therefore I behave like someone else. But show your face – be real with me. Stop defending and start engaging Stop looking for the “right” answer, the right thing to do.
Me and Us Take the contribution to the world from your heart. There is no one like you, and no one, except you, can bring what you have. There is a live exchange (be real, be connected) – unlock potential by sharing, moving. The potential lies with US, not with YOU or ME.
Relational foundation for process makeup Relating is the foundation. You relate through openness (curiosity, inviting, welcoming) Honesty (being real, present). Are you important enough to me for me to be honest? Accountability (trust, counting on each other, integrity) Don’t say it, show it. Acceptance (Spacious personality, room for everyone, tolerance)
How to facilitate in relationships, engage in them? By getting dirty and heartcore Engage (words, intention, put yourself on the line) Heart to heart When to use the toolbox?
Be grounded | Be curious | Be together
Lesson 4: The Many Voices By Ouafa Rian
What perspective to create a space to contain a diversity of voices? Perspective – cognition
Behind every right and wrong there is a field. I will meet you there - J. Rumi (sufi)
Living systems (natural, social) Complexity, diversity, chaos, adaptive, non-linear and dynamic systems. Constantly in a balance between chaos and order.
Def. chaos: Unpredictable, but not random
Tool # 1 - Negotiation
- 3 ways of seeing: Me or you (Scandinavian, room for all) Me and you Us
The world does not exist, it is constantly being brought forth by negotiation. (The foundation of systemic thinking)
Understanding is a form of control Every answer is a death – John Cage
Gry Guldberg, Development Zone KP
Body and Dialogue By Gry Guldberg
Learning goal: Be conscious about how you use your language and what impact your verbal actions have on you and the people around us. Any phrase expressed is a verbal action
Literature: Goffman (everyday theatre)
Big talk and simple talk (I refuse to use small talk) Big talk Say only what is necessary according to the goal of the conversation. Say only what you think is true. Don not say something you are not sure if you believe in. Be relevant, stick to the subject. Express yourself clearly and directly, without any possibility for misinterepretation.
Exercise: Where could a big talk be appropriate for team 12 (3 & 3) Make a list.
Simple talk (small talk) – the principle of politeness Take care of people around you. Avoid that your words increase people’s ability to act Be generous and fulfill other people’s need (or express that you want to fulfill them) Be positive. Avoid criticizing the one you are talking to. Support and express you sympathy instead. Be modest. Avoid telling about your advantages, reject kind words and be self critical. Agree. Seek common ground and avoid disagreement. Use phrasing like: Yes, but…
Exercise: When were you last polite to someone in team 12 (2 & 2)
Question: Do you see small talk as an advantage or disadvantage regarding leadership?
Exercise: What characteristics hide beneath these sentences? (2 & 2) 1. Hi John, wouldn’t you be nice and turn of the radio?
- Politely/ seeking compromice
2. Ehh, John. Would you mind switching off the radio?
3. Wouldn’t it be nice to switch that radio off, John?
- Hinting at a group benefit. Not me, but we.
4. John! Would you switch that radio off?
- Direct order
5. Just switch that radio off, please
- Uncompromising, but with a please
6. Just switch that radio off
7. Switch that radio off
- Commanding
8. Get that radio switched off!
- Offended, you should know better-tone
9. Could you then get that radio switched off?
10. Go and get that radio switched off right away!
- Commanding action
11. God damn! Get that radio switched off or I’ll…
- Threat
Characteristics: Question Negation (not) Verbs in preteritum Adverbs that loosen up the sentence (just, kindly) Please, bitte, por favor etc
Indirect techniques of down-toning the expressed Example: Turning of the radio 1. What a day. I am completely tired (understated: please turn of the radio) 2. My work is quite difficult, I have to concentrate a lot. But I think you know that feeling. 3. Sorry, may I ask you something? Doesn’t that radio play louder than it use to? 4. Are you still listening to the radio, John? 5. Can you reach the button? I don’t feel like switching it off. 6. You would make me happy by switching off the radio. 7. Would you mind switching off the radio 8. Isn’t the radio able to play any louder? What about some more volume?
Interpretations 1-2: Talking about something else 3-4: Saying it in an indirect way. E.g. try to begin in a sympathetic way. 5-6: Informing how you would feel if the desired action happened. 7: Ask for the other’s opinion about the action 8: Use irony, jokes or non-transparent expressions
Face or fiasco – interaction between people The face is the positive and idealistic image of our own position and value one has of one self. One seeks to have this image confirmed by other people through their verbal actions and contact. This means your face is not a personal affair. You need to have your face confirmed by others. But at the same time they can destroy, interrupt and break down the face or mask you wear. You acknowledge and confirm a person’s presence through verbal actions, and are being confirmed and acknowledged through other people’s verbal actions.
Questions: When was your face last interrupted? Which verbal expressions can break down your face?
Exercise: (in plenum) When did you last lose your face? How did your body react when you lost your face?
Mick Cordero and Jonas Lidman, KP Team 10
Forum theatre By Mick and Thomas (team 10)
Agenda 09:00 Welcome
- Warm-up and focus What is a process? (what does the mean to you and to us) Exercise in observation Exercise in values
12:00 Lunch 13.00 Choose the themes for the forum theatre
- About forum theatre Preparation Play! Act! Fishbowl/evaluation
16:00 End
Exercises in focus and concentration Exercise 1: Passing you name on. When you meet someone stretch out your right hand tell them your first name. You get a name in return. This is your new name, take it and pass it on to the next person you meet. When you get your own name back, step out of the group. (If you want a harder challenge you can stretch out your left hand and give away your last name when you get your own name back)
Exercise 2: Here we come & show me who you are Divide into two groups. Both group get a theme from a category (a meal, an artist, a country etc.) Each group get 10 seconds to decide on what the concrete theme should be and how to mime it. The groups stand in front of each other. Group one takes 3 steps (saying: Here we come x 3), group 2 stops them (saying: Stop! Show me who you are) and then group 1 have to mime their theme. When group 2 guess the theme, it is up to group 1 to get back to the starting point without getting caught. Anyone who does is not part of the other group. Repeat until you loose interest ☺
What is a process? A development you are focused on People moving from one place to another (Ketan) Take a theatre, everything happening backstage or behind the scene is the process (Kristin) Classical def: The movement from A to B
NB: In order to have a project, it must be limited in time and space and it must have an outcome. Time tables and milestones etc.
Process: Why are we doing this? How are we going to work together? Are we conscious about the process during the project?
Top 5 (last week for Elisabeth) - Constellation – visual representations - Listening exercise (Lemmy) - Communication is everywhere/everything - Be true to yourself, be real - How to keep the overview when involved in a process. It is often more difficult to reflect when in the middle of everything.
Wishing list (What do we want to learn?) - Involvement versus overview - Case studies - Implementing tools (embody the tools) - How to treasure the results/outcome of the workshop?
Tip Ask questions for the group to answer Draw drawing resembling the situation Change perspective (How does X feel, how does Y feel) Always end with an evaluation
NB: Shut up - fruit
- Make a decision - object
Exercise in observation 10 people are sent out of the room. They are given a specific scenario they are exposed to and should respond to when re-entering the room they left.
- - Visiting a junky’s apartment - Visiting your dream apartment - Visiting a morgue
The rest will observe the 10 people when they re-enter the room. Observe without judgement (describe without judgement)
- What is he/she doing? How is he/she doing it? (Do not include your thoughts on why they do what they are doing)
Do the observation group manage to decipher where the 10 people are?
Simple version: It is muted, there is no specific task for the actors to perform, and there is no cooperation.
Conclusion: The leap from observation to judgement is a short one.
- Be more aware of our body language and how much it affects our perspectives Went from being focused on details to the whole group’s movements Getting concrete from just watching It is using the power of transformation, imagine a different setting.
Exercise in values Agree/Disagree/Not sure You have these 3 different answer to give to the following statements. When hearing a statement you move to the corner of the room that represent the your opinion. You are allowed to change your opinion at any time. When the groups are set, they discuss why they have choose the opinion they have and the facilitator ask a representative to share the groups thoughts. Statements: Autumn is the best season
- A large group should always have a leader All members in a group should be able to work together The Danish politic on alcohol is good.
Forum theatre and forum play
Created in 1950-60 by Director Boal. He was working with plays that had no ending and rather letting the audience decide what should happen, and even partake in the process on stage. The purpose was to transform the audience. Boal worked with a Swedish woman Byrens. A famous quote from her is: Be the main character in your own life”
Difference between forum and play Theatre: Prepared parts where som may influence or even partake in the piece Play: The group in total decide the focus/content of the piece
Forum play Purpose: Show/play out a conflict or challenge to generate the possibility of recognition.
The piece must have the following ingredients: - Relevance to the audience - A problem owner - A problem solver
Reflections + You see the problems on a distance, as an audience + The power of recognition + There is no magical answer, no single solution - Not realistic, as it is very difficult to find a relevant solution - People get stuck in their roles
How to alter the situation/end the conflict in the play? You can include physical alterations (shouts, carrying a person) Change the actor to let someone else play the role differently Make people talk clearly, no in each others mouths. Make people be less verbal and more physical
Edit conflict - your version:
Visualization in processes By Goot Geursen
PART 1
Constellations – the purpose • Visual representation with of a problem • Unveiling group dynamic • Figuring out what is wrong, what is not working without asking. • Extending you level of consciousness to be more aware of the relations between people
- (energy, team spirit)
The client The client is the person asking the question. The client is never part of the constellation in the beginning to see the system from the outside. The client can decide to partake in the system afterwards, directly.
The representatives The representatives are an anonymous group. The more detached the representatives are from the question and client, the purer the constellation.
The audience The audience is the people watching the constellation and its development.
The analysis Remember that the constellation only shows the clients truth, not necessarily the only truth. Talk about the revealed dynamics. Which representations were left out that could have been important in the constellation or which representations didn’t have the impact first thought.
PART 2
Be authentic • How to stat with yourself and be authentic • Be centered and grounded
Exercise 1: Place your thoughts in your head, your stomach and your feet. Let someone press your collarbone and press you backwards. Feel the difference when moving focus
Exercise 2: First let someone push your arm in an angle Then press your muscles to prevent the person from bending your arm Then imagine your arm as the hose and the water is flowing through your arm and to the garden.
Self 1 → Ego, judging self Self 2 → Natural self
Literature: The inner game of… by Timothy Galway (tennis player)
Exercise 3 - Guided fantasy: Grounded with your feet, on a chair Close your eyes Story told by a host Visualization of an ideal setting Exercise 4: Based on charka
Chakra Location Meaning 1st charka Sexual organ/anus Money, earth and nature, the basic grounding Root chakra 2nd charka Stomach area Playful charka Orange chakra 3rd charka Solar plexus Ego, self respect Solar Plexus chakra 4th charka Heart region Compassion Heart chakra 5th charka Throat Throat charka
- Resonate with other, language, communicate with the people
Throat chakra 6th charka Between the eyes The third eye, the feel for the culture Brow chakra 7th charka Above your head Higher state of consciousness Crown charka
The Chaos Alliance, Lemmy Kook, Oufa Rian, Morten Ove
Dialogue, learning and listening By Lemmy Kook Jensen, Ouafa Rian, Morten Ove & Gry Guldberg
The KaosAlliance Heartcore Communication – Lemmy Kook Jensen Honesty (rhetoric) – Gry Guldberg Coherence – Morten Ove The Many Voices– Ouafa Rian
The KaosAlliance is a network fighting to develop leadership in emerging from coherence in complex systems.
Guiding principles Be present or be somewhere else Search for questions, not for answers Engage constructively with yourself, the others and us.
Hopes for the outcome of this day - What is rhetoric and what is honesty? Investigating the balance between manipulation and telling/doing the truth - Opening up to new and improved ways of communicating - Learn how to ask the good questions
Divide into 4 groups (Presence Coherence Complexity Honesty)
The Heart and Mind wall Exercise (morning, lunch, afternoon): Write down or illustrate a word describe the state of your heart and mind.
Lesson 1: Heartcore Communication - Why isn't everybody thinking like me? By Lemmy Kook Jensen
Dream Journey 1-2-3 Beach, Sun, The Earth, Forest Path Open spot Rock Glowing Diamond Clear feeling Evident perception There is something on your heart There is something you want to tell the world There is something you want to show the world Old man, Secret 1-2-3
When I was a student at the KaosPilots • People were always talking • People were always saying the same things again and again • Some people talked all the time, some were always quiet • How did we communicate? • Did we communicate? • What about coherence? • I often ask myself if we were present • Did we forget to nurse the connections? • Maybe there was a lack of "Stimmung"; we weren't tuned in; vibrations that didn't catch the same beat or pulse • But how come? We had the language; the word by mouth and we said a lot of words? • Did our brains cheat our hearts
Do we have to say something to communicate?
Exercise 1: How do we act without saying something? The voice is sounds Sound are vibrations But where are these vibrations coming from? From our mind or our heart?
I want you to count to ten, in chronological order, starting with 0 Everyone must say at least one number If two or more persons say the same number, you start all over again There must be no pattern in the way you execute the task.
So how do we communicate with the language? Where is communication anchored when we can't see the words?
Why this exercise: Be aware, and be present. Know when to listen and when to speak.
What is important when listening? The listener, the storyteller and the space between.
Exercise 2: How do we listen? The 4 levels of listening Level 1: We can listen with starting point in oneself Level 2: We can listen with interest (ask questions) Level 3: We can listen with our mind and our body (fully aware of the other person, her/his body language) Level 4: We can listen with the pit of our heart (seing what the other person is saying to me underneath it all)
Get together in pairs of two. Listen on level 1 Listen on level 2 Listen on level 3
What is listening about? How do we create an inner broadband for good listening? What is most important when we listen: Me? You? Us?
Exercise 3: Are we important enough to each other? In order to make to clear communication we must create coherence To create coherence we must connect In order to connect we must be so important to each other that we are being honest
So let's try to listen on level 4 Are we important enough for each other to be honest or to listen. Listen quietly for 1 min. Then rotate.
While you are listening try to sense how important the other person is to you. Find out what connects you Communicate what connects you to each other. Be honest.
How can coherence emerge? How do we nurse coherence? How do we strengthen your connections?
Exercise 4: How does it feel when you tell the world what's on your heart We can try to pretend that we are someone else that the person we are We can be busy running We can believe that we are independent people with no connections to the people around us We can get in sync with the person we are and fully act out this person We can be busy being present and honest We can believe that we are dependent on the people around us and connect in order to create coherence
Communicate what you want to tell and show the world
How did you feel? Where could you feel it? What happens if this feeling gets your starting point of communication?
Lesson 2: Body and Dialogue By Gry Guldberg
Learning goal: Be conscious about how you use your language and what impact your verbal actions have on you and the people around us. Any phrase expressed is a verbal action
Literature: Goffman (everyday theatre)
Big talk and small talk Big talk Say only what is necessary according to the goal of the conversation. Say only what you think is true. Don not say something you are not sure if you believe in. Be relevant, stick to the subject. Express yourself clearly and directly, without any possibility for misinterepretation.
Exercise: Where could a big talk be appropriate for team 12 (3 & 3) Make a list.
Simple talk (small talk) – the principle of politeness Take care of people around you. Avoid that your words increase people’s ability to act Be generous and fulfill other people’s need (or express that you want to fulfill them) Be positive. Avoid criticizing the one you are talking to. Support and express you sympathy instead. Be modest. Avoid telling about your advantages, reject kind words and be self critical. Agree. Seek common ground and avoid disagreement. Use phrasing like: Yes, but…
Exercise: When were you last polite to someone in team 12 (2 & 2)
Question: Do you see small talk as an advantage or disadvantage regarding leadership?
Exercise: What characteristics hide beneath these sentences? (2 & 2) 1. Hi John, wouldn’t you be nice and turn of the radio?
- Politely/ seeking compromice
2. Ehh, John. Would you mind switching off the radio?
3. Wouldn’t it be nice to switch that radio off, John?
- Hinting at a group benefit. Not me, but we.
4. John! Would you switch that radio off?
- Direct order
5. Just switch that radio off, please
- Uncompromising, but with a please
6. Just switch that radio off
7. Switch that radio off
- Commanding
8. Get that radio switched off!
- Offended, you should know better-tone
9. Could you then get that radio switched off?
10. Go and get that radio switched off right away!
- Commanding action
11. God damn! Get that radio switched off or I’ll…
- Threat
Characteristics: Question Negation (not) Verbs in preteritum Adverbs that loosen up the sentence (just, kindly) Please, bitte, por favor etc
Indirect techniques of down-toning the expressed Example: Turning of the radio 1. What a day. I am completely tired (understated: please turn of the radio) 2. My work is quite difficult, I have to concentrate a lot. But I think you know that feeling. 3. Sorry, may I ask you something? Doesn’t that radio play louder than it use to? 4. Are you still listening to the radio, John? 5. Can you reach the button? I don’t feel like switching it off. 6. You would make me happy by switching off the radio. 7. Would you mind switching off the radio 8. Isn’t the radio able to play any louder? What about some more volume?
Interpretations 1-2: Talking about something else 3-4: Saying it in an indirect way. E.g. try to begin in a sympathetic way. 5-6: Informing how you would feel if the desired action happened. 7: Ask for the other’s opinion about the action 8: Use irony, jokes or non-transparent expressions
Face or fiasco – interaction between people The face is the positive and idealistic image of our own position and value one has of one self. One seeks to have this image confirmed by other people through their verbal actions and contact. This means your face is not a personal affair. You need to have your face confirmed by others. But at the same time they can destroy, interrupt and break down the face or mask you wear. You acknowledge and confirm a person’s presence through verbal actions, and are being confirmed and acknowledged through other people’s verbal actions.
Questions: When was your face last interrupted? Which verbal expressions can break down your face?
Exercise: (in plenum) When did you last lose your face? How did your body react when you lost your face?
Lesson 3: Reflection on process, communication and coherence By Morten Ove
(Entire lecture is giving without use of the voice, there is a powerpoint assisted by a second screen where Morten is writing all his thoughts in a notepad document as we go through the slides. He is talking personally to his audience through a simple text-editor, wirting down his immediate thoughts. Silence, music and live text – a live message)
Authenticity and communication Be real, be authentic, be yourself Communicating is interacting is relating is communicating is…
The Human Game (call your own bluff, change the game) Communicating without filters It is easy being just cool, the important subculture – I want to be accepted as I am, therefore I behave like someone else. But show your face – be real with me. Stop defending and start engaging Stop looking for the “right” answer, the right thing to do.
Me and Us Take the contribution to the world from your heart. There is no one like you, and no one, except you, can bring what you have. There is a live exchange (be real, be connected) – unlock potential by sharing, moving. The potential lies with US, not with YOU or ME.
Relational foundation for process makeup Relating is the foundation. You relate through openness (curiosity, inviting, welcoming) Honesty (being real, present). Are you important enough to me for me to be honest? Accountability (trust, counting on each other, integrity) Don’t say it, show it. Acceptance (Spacious personality, room for everyone, tolerance)
How to facilitate in relationships, engage in them? By getting dirty and heartcore Engage (words, intention, put yourself on the line) Heart to heart When to use the toolbox?
Be grounded | Be curious | Be together
Lesson 4: The Many Voices By Ouafa Rian
What perspective to create a space to contain a diversity of voices? Perspective – cognition
Behind every right and wrong there is a field. I will meet you there - J. Rumi (sufi)
Living systems (natural, social) Complexity, diversity, chaos, adaptive, non-linear and dynamic systems. Constantly in a balance between chaos and order.
Def. chaos: Unpredictable, but not random
Tool # 1 - Negotiation
- 3 ways of seeing: Me or you (Scandinavian, room for all) Me and you Us
The world does not exist, it is constantly being brought forth by negotiation. (The foundation of systemic thinking)
Understanding is a form of control Every answer is a death – John Cage
Gry Guldberg, Development Zone KP
Body and Dialogue By Gry Guldberg
Learning goal: Be conscious about how you use your language and what impact your verbal actions have on you and the people around us. Any phrase expressed is a verbal action
Literature: Goffman (everyday theatre)
Big talk and simple talk (I refuse to use small talk) Big talk Say only what is necessary according to the goal of the conversation. Say only what you think is true. Don not say something you are not sure if you believe in. Be relevant, stick to the subject. Express yourself clearly and directly, without any possibility for misinterepretation.
Exercise: Where could a big talk be appropriate for team 12 (3 & 3) Make a list.
Simple talk (small talk) – the principle of politeness Take care of people around you. Avoid that your words increase people’s ability to act Be generous and fulfill other people’s need (or express that you want to fulfill them) Be positive. Avoid criticizing the one you are talking to. Support and express you sympathy instead. Be modest. Avoid telling about your advantages, reject kind words and be self critical. Agree. Seek common ground and avoid disagreement. Use phrasing like: Yes, but…
Exercise: When were you last polite to someone in team 12 (2 & 2)
Question: Do you see small talk as an advantage or disadvantage regarding leadership?
Exercise: What characteristics hide beneath these sentences? (2 & 2) 1. Hi John, wouldn’t you be nice and turn of the radio?
- Politely/ seeking compromice
2. Ehh, John. Would you mind switching off the radio?
3. Wouldn’t it be nice to switch that radio off, John?
- Hinting at a group benefit. Not me, but we.
4. John! Would you switch that radio off?
- Direct order
5. Just switch that radio off, please
- Uncompromising, but with a please
6. Just switch that radio off
7. Switch that radio off
- Commanding
8. Get that radio switched off!
- Offended, you should know better-tone
9. Could you then get that radio switched off?
10. Go and get that radio switched off right away!
- Commanding action
11. God damn! Get that radio switched off or I’ll…
- Threat
Characteristics: Question Negation (not) Verbs in preteritum Adverbs that loosen up the sentence (just, kindly) Please, bitte, por favor etc
Indirect techniques of down-toning the expressed Example: Turning of the radio 1. What a day. I am completely tired (understated: please turn of the radio) 2. My work is quite difficult, I have to concentrate a lot. But I think you know that feeling. 3. Sorry, may I ask you something? Doesn’t that radio play louder than it use to? 4. Are you still listening to the radio, John? 5. Can you reach the button? I don’t feel like switching it off. 6. You would make me happy by switching off the radio. 7. Would you mind switching off the radio 8. Isn’t the radio able to play any louder? What about some more volume?
Interpretations 1-2: Talking about something else 3-4: Saying it in an indirect way. E.g. try to begin in a sympathetic way. 5-6: Informing how you would feel if the desired action happened. 7: Ask for the other’s opinion about the action 8: Use irony, jokes or non-transparent expressions
Face or fiasco – interaction between people The face is the positive and idealistic image of our own position and value one has of one self. One seeks to have this image confirmed by other people through their verbal actions and contact. This means your face is not a personal affair. You need to have your face confirmed by others. But at the same time they can destroy, interrupt and break down the face or mask you wear. You acknowledge and confirm a person’s presence through verbal actions, and are being confirmed and acknowledged through other people’s verbal actions.
Questions: When was your face last interrupted? Which verbal expressions can break down your face?
Exercise: (in plenum) When did you last lose your face? How did your body react when you lost your face?
Mick Cordero and Jonas Lidman, KP Team 10
Forum theatre By Mick and Thomas (team 10)
Agenda 09:00 Welcome
- Warm-up and focus What is a process? (what does the mean to you and to us) Exercise in observation Exercise in values
12:00 Lunch 13.00 Choose the themes for the forum theatre
- About forum theatre Preparation Play! Act! Fishbowl/evaluation
16:00 End
Exercises in focus and concentration Exercise 1: Passing you name on. When you meet someone stretch out your right hand tell them your first name. You get a name in return. This is your new name, take it and pass it on to the next person you meet. When you get your own name back, step out of the group. (If you want a harder challenge you can stretch out your left hand and give away your last name when you get your own name back)
Exercise 2: Here we come & show me who you are Divide into two groups. Both group get a theme from a category (a meal, an artist, a country etc.) Each group get 10 seconds to decide on what the concrete theme should be and how to mime it. The groups stand in front of each other. Group one takes 3 steps (saying: Here we come x 3), group 2 stops them (saying: Stop! Show me who you are) and then group 1 have to mime their theme. When group 2 guess the theme, it is up to group 1 to get back to the starting point without getting caught. Anyone who does is not part of the other group. Repeat until you loose interest ☺
What is a process? A development you are focused on People moving from one place to another (Ketan) Take a theatre, everything happening backstage or behind the scene is the process (Kristin) Classical def: The movement from A to B
NB: In order to have a project, it must be limited in time and space and it must have an outcome. Time tables and milestones etc.
Process: Why are we doing this? How are we going to work together? Are we conscious about the process during the project?
Top 5 (last week for Elisabeth) - Constellation – visual representations - Listening exercise (Lemmy) - Communication is everywhere/everything - Be true to yourself, be real - How to keep the overview when involved in a process. It is often more difficult to reflect when in the middle of everything.
Wishing list (What do we want to learn?) - Involvement versus overview - Case studies - Implementing tools (embody the tools) - How to treasure the results/outcome of the workshop?
Tip Ask questions for the group to answer Draw drawing resembling the situation Change perspective (How does X feel, how does Y feel) Always end with an evaluation
NB: Shut up - fruit
- Make a decision - object
Exercise in observation 10 people are sent out of the room. They are given a specific scenario they are exposed to and should respond to when re-entering the room they left.
- - Visiting a junky’s apartment - Visiting your dream apartment - Visiting a morgue
The rest will observe the 10 people when they re-enter the room. Observe without judgement (describe without judgement)
- What is he/she doing? How is he/she doing it? (Do not include your thoughts on why they do what they are doing)
Do the observation group manage to decipher where the 10 people are?
Simple version: It is muted, there is no specific task for the actors to perform, and there is no cooperation.
Conclusion: The leap from observation to judgement is a short one.
- Be more aware of our body language and how much it affects our perspectives Went from being focused on details to the whole group’s movements Getting concrete from just watching It is using the power of transformation, imagine a different setting.
Exercise in values Agree/Disagree/Not sure You have these 3 different answer to give to the following statements. When hearing a statement you move to the corner of the room that represent the your opinion. You are allowed to change your opinion at any time. When the groups are set, they discuss why they have choose the opinion they have and the facilitator ask a representative to share the groups thoughts. Statements: Autumn is the best season
- A large group should always have a leader All members in a group should be able to work together The Danish politic on alcohol is good.
Forum theatre and forum play
Created in 1950-60 by Director Boal. He was working with plays that had no ending and rather letting the audience decide what should happen, and even partake in the process on stage. The purpose was to transform the audience. Boal worked with a Swedish woman Byrens. A famous quote from her is: Be the main character in your own life”
Difference between forum and play Theatre: Prepared parts where som may influence or even partake in the piece Play: The group in total decide the focus/content of the piece
Forum play Purpose: Show/play out a conflict or challenge to generate the possibility of recognition.
The piece must have the following ingredients: - Relevance to the audience - A problem owner - A problem solver
Reflections + You see the problems on a distance, as an audience + The power of recognition + There is no magical answer, no single solution - Not realistic, as it is very difficult to find a relevant solution - People get stuck in their roles
How to alter the situation/end the conflict in the play? You can include physical alterations (shouts, carrying a person) Change the actor to let someone else play the role differently Make people talk clearly, no in each others mouths. Make people be less verbal and more physical
End of edit conflict
Week 40
Sharpen your senses
Janne Vind
Gry Guldberg, Learning Zone KP
Rhetorics By Gry Guldberg
Introduction – clarification of the subject Exercise 1: Walk and Talk (2 & 2) Decide a subject for a 7 min presentation: American Comics, Vertigo Exercise 2: Describe the subject (2 & 2)
Why do you find this subject interesting?
- Comics tell stories in another way, new interpretations, visual stories
Do you have a specific knowledge about the subject?
- I have been a serious collector for many years.
Do you have feelings for the subject?
- Yes
Formulate how it was when you first came close to this subject.
- I bought Sandman after hearing of it from a friend
What will your presentation of the subject contribute to your audience?
- They will gain knowledge of a wider variety of comics
- The will see the difference between classical and a newer type of comics
- It might produce more readers of comics.
Formulate why you burn for this subject.
- The stories are small treasures. Graphic novels are often beautifully illustrated. A temptation for your imagination and dreams.
What are the ingredients of a good presentation? Reflections • Personal involvement • Passion • Enlightenment • Well-prepared • Knowledge • Knowing the audience – do research • Focus on theme of subject • Know you given time • Voice (not monotone) • Eye contact • Body language (no fiddling with your hands, move around the room, be grounded and have good posture) • Tell the story in co-operation with your body • Humor • Variation • Joy • Small, catchy phrase
The Rhetorical Compass Past: The Rhetorical Pentagram (Cicero) Now: The Rhetorical Compass (the Audience in the centre and 8 aspects)
The Audience Exercise 3: Who is my audience? (3 & 3) Who are they?
- Team 12
Do they have a certain interest on beforehand?
- Yes, but not any specific knowledge.
What do they know and what don’t they know?
- They know common comics, but not Vertigo comics.
What should the audience know as a minimum after the presentation?
- They should be aware of a new genre of comics as an alternative or supplement.
Are they positive, negative or neutral towards you and the organization you represent?
- Positive
What makes a person reliable/credible? Use of source material Authority - intimidation No contradictions – coherence Reputation Fear
Credibility of the sender – the different ethos The Initial Ethos Stereotypes Sponsorship effect Namedropping
The Derived Ethos It might change the initial ethos, so that you either loose or raise you ethos.
How to raise you ethos: Read your audience (Give break, change) Substantiate your arguments form reliable sources Present your information in a reliable and in a way to get solidarity.
- Say something that connects the audience to you.
Create a common ground and goodwill in the audience
- Ask them questions, include the audience. Create a symmetric communication situation. Make the audience feel your equals.
Be aware of the use of difficult or professional words. Be well prepared – have a fluent presentation. Use facts and references, if quotes, take them from reliable sources.
The Terminal Ethos Today’s terminal ethos is tomorrow’s initial ethos
Exercise 4: My ethos: What would I want my terminal ethos to be? (2 & 2) Competent
- Confident, secure, structured, knowledgeable etc.
Fascinating
That I have fascinating theme & subject
Making an impact Interesting
- That I have chosen a theme that people find interesting
Knowledgeable
- That I seem to have knowledge about my subject
Engaging
- That I make people want to be involved in the subject
Communicative
- That I am able to convey the information to the audience. That they bring something with them back to work and home
How do I prepare myself to get that terminal ethos?
Elements and methods of a good presentation Docere: To inform, to teach (the intellectual level) Delectare: To please, to entertain (the aesthetic level) Movere: To touch, to change behaviour (the emotional level)
Exordium - the beginning Rhetorical effects in the exordium
- Simple In Media Res – Sakens kjerne, rett på sak Conflicting Appetizing Questions Bombastic
Corpus - the middle Rhetorical effects in the corpus:
- Backward/flashback Forward/anticipation The power of a good example Reflections Shock Vaccination
Peroratio - the ending Rhetorical effects in the peroration:
- Rhetorical question Answer to a question Zoom into a descriptive detail Repetition “Curl on the tail”
My exordium Exercise 5: How do I present the exordium (individually) Myself
- Elisabeth/Who am I to be here
Subject
- American Comics, Vertigo
Structure
- Exordium: The illustrated story, moderns comics, the transition Corpus: Sandman and Hellblazer Peroratio: DC/Vertigo universe
Duration
- 7 min
Why should the audience listen
- New knowledge, a gift.
Make a sentence that creates a common ground and goodwill between you and your audience. Make a short appetizer to get the attention of the audience. Formulate your main point (propositio) in a way relating to your audience.
The five rhetorical duties Officia oraoris – the speaker duties (according to Aristoteles) INVENTIO - get ideas and do research.
- The overall subject The main arguments A focus A (changable) disposition
DISPOSITIO
- Exordium Narratio Argumentatio Peroratio
ELUCOTIO - the style of speech
- The lowest style: Understanding The average style: Decoration and beauty The highest style: To convince the sudience (make them act in the way the speaker wants)
MEMORIA
ACTIO
Constructive feedback Rules of conduction Constructive feedback is Careful, Concrete and Constructive Encourage the strength! Constructive feedback is a response to – and a respect to – the speakers efforts
Constructive feedback A way to develop both the professional and personal The communication is symmetric
- Stay on your own ground, take full responsibility for your verbal actions and argumentate: I think that your exordium was good because… You did have my attention during your corpus because… Your peroration gave me the feeling of taking action right away because… Your subject was very informative, but to understand it clearly I needed a clear definition in the beginning. You could for instance have done…
A gift
- The receiver says thanks and do only use what is understandable to him/her.
Exercise 6: 1 min to present the exordium (Individually with feedback) (see the feedback summery at the end of the document: My presentation - feedback)
Visual and aural observations of the presentation: Listen to the voice Observe the body language (postures, movements, mimics and gestures)
A clear focus My Focus Why should the audience listen to me? What purpose do I have for my presentation?
- (to inform (to teach), to please (to entertain), to touch/change behaviour)
Who is my audience?
- Do they have a certain interest beforehand? What do they know about the subject? What information should they have afterwards? Is the audience positive, negative or neutral to you and the organization you represent?
Exercise 7: Formulate you focus in one sentence (3 & 3) • I would like to inform the audience about another type of comics, to let them know there are alternatives to the traditional comics. • Comics are not only for kids, there is a whole genre out there directed at a mature reader. • Challenge the notion that comics are made for kids or teenagers.
Stage fright – communication apprehension Be mentally well prepared – find your balance Be well prepared subject wise Remember that the majority of your audience admire your courage Practice a lot before entering the stage Warm up your voice Take several deep breaths before entering the stage to relax your muscles Use an audience involving procedure in the beginning.
My personal preparation Exercise 8: How to minimize my stage fright? (2 & 2) How do I prepare myself:
- A month before A week before 3 days before The day before The night before In the morning 1 hour before 15 min. before 1 min. before
My personal structure Selection Kill your darlings
- Try to exchange your favorite sayings and expressions with something new
Kipling’s Method (higher editing)
- Print out your presentation, take a marker and cross out everything unnecessary
Weighting Order Importance Chronology Logic Stairs of abstraction – go from simple and concrete to more abstract information
Exercise 9: My personal structure (individually) Exercise 10: My personal structure (1.5 min presentation, 9 & 9)
My peroration Exercise 11: My peroration (2 & 2) What should your audience remember from your presentation?
- Vertigo
- A new type pf comics
- Sandman, Hellblazer
Do you want your audience to act? How? Describe it.
- My audience should be conscious about these comics and be open-minded, not narrow-minded
Formulate the end of your presentation.
- Repeat your proposistio (sum up the good arguments) Remember to appeal to pathos (emotions/feelings) if you want action. A rhetorical question could be good
Script Techniques for memorizing
- Full script Card script Schedule script Improvisation
Advantages Be confident with your script – you gain a lot of advantages in the communication situation
- Fluent presentation raises you ethos (credibility) Relaxed body language Relaxed posture Controlled voice and breath Drive Respect for the audience (Self-) confidence
My presentation - feedback
First presentation: 1,5 min – only the exordium + Well structured + Created a common ground + Good details + Good use of abstraction and concreteness + Good at making people relate to you subject + Engaging + Competent (you know your subject) + Good intonation + Great body language! Smile! Eyes! Lovely.
- Work on breathing techniques to ground yourself, listen to your body - Tone down moving on the floorm watch your steps and feet. - Rather mention than explain in the exordium - Form of preseantion?
Final presentation: 7 min Exordium
- + Good time and structure throughout the presentation, and good overview + Made the audience relate to the topic + Motivating and credible - Didn’t mention your name - Spoke to fast in the beginning
End
- + It was clear that it was the ending - A bit short - Should invite people to explore
Visual
- + Appealed to logos: Facts and logical + Was brought into a fantasy world
Body language
- - Create a greater balance between you and the screen - Be clear about where the audience should focus - Nervous in the beginning. Made noise by stepping around - Make the eye contact last longer
Voice
- + Good pronunciation - 15 ehh/erms, all in the first minute - A tsst sound between every slide
From Gry:
- + Rhetorical figures: Always…, always …, bokstavrim - More appetizers (?) - Who are you? Explain more to raise ethos.
Edit conflict - other version:
Rhetorics By Gry Guldberg
Introduction – clarification of the subject Exercise 1: Walk and Talk (2 & 2) Decide a subject for a 7 min presentation: American Comics, Vertigo Exercise 2: Describe the subject (2 & 2)
Why do you find this subject interesting?
- Comics tell stories in another way, new interpretations, visual stories
Do you have a specific knowledge about the subject?
- I have been a serious collector for many years.
Do you have feelings for the subject?
- Yes
Formulate how it was when you first came close to this subject.
- I bought Sandman after hearing of it from a friend
What will your presentation of the subject contribute to your audience?
- They will gain knowledge of a wider variety of comics
- The will see the difference between classical and a newer type of comics
- It might produce more readers of comics.
Formulate why you burn for this subject.
- The stories are small treasures. Graphic novels are often beautifully illustrated. A temptation for your imagination and dreams.
What are the ingredients of a good presentation? Reflections • Personal involvement • Passion • Enlightenment • Well-prepared • Knowledge • Knowing the audience – do research • Focus on theme of subject • Know you given time • Voice (not monotone) • Eye contact • Body language (no fiddling with your hands, move around the room, be grounded and have good posture) • Tell the story in co-operation with your body • Humor • Variation • Joy • Small, catchy phrase
The Rhetorical Compass Past: The Rhetorical Pentagram (Cicero) Now: The Rhetorical Compass (the Audience in the centre and 8 aspects)
The Audience Exercise 3: Who is my audience? (3 & 3) Who are they?
- Team 12
Do they have a certain interest on beforehand?
- Yes, but not any specific knowledge.
What do they know and what don’t they know?
- They know common comics, but not Vertigo comics.
What should the audience know as a minimum after the presentation?
- They should be aware of a new genre of comics as an alternative or supplement.
Are they positive, negative or neutral towards you and the organization you represent?
- Positive
What makes a person reliable/credible? Use of source material Authority - intimidation No contradictions – coherence Reputation Fear
Credibility of the sender – the different ethos The Initial Ethos Stereotypes Sponsorship effect Namedropping
The Derived Ethos It might change the initial ethos, so that you either loose or raise you ethos.
How to raise you ethos: Read your audience (Give break, change) Substantiate your arguments form reliable sources Present your information in a reliable and in a way to get solidarity.
- Say something that connects the audience to you.
Create a common ground and goodwill in the audience
- Ask them questions, include the audience. Create a symmetric communication situation. Make the audience feel your equals.
Be aware of the use of difficult or professional words. Be well prepared – have a fluent presentation. Use facts and references, if quotes, take them from reliable sources.
The Terminal Ethos Today’s terminal ethos is tomorrow’s initial ethos
Exercise 4: My ethos: What would I want my terminal ethos to be? (2 & 2) Competent
- Confident, secure, structured, knowledgeable etc.
Fascinating
That I have fascinating theme & subject
Making an impact Interesting
- That I have chosen a theme that people find interesting
Knowledgeable
- That I seem to have knowledge about my subject
Engaging
- That I make people want to be involved in the subject
Communicative
- That I am able to convey the information to the audience. That they bring something with them back to work and home
How do I prepare myself to get that terminal ethos?
Elements and methods of a good presentation Docere: To inform, to teach (the intellectual level) Delectare: To please, to entertain (the aesthetic level) Movere: To touch, to change behaviour (the emotional level)
Exordium - the beginning Rhetorical effects in the exordium
- Simple In Media Res – Sakens kjerne, rett på sak Conflicting Appetizing Questions Bombastic
Corpus - the middle Rhetorical effects in the corpus:
- Backward/flashback Forward/anticipation The power of a good example Reflections Shock Vaccination
Peroratio - the ending Rhetorical effects in the peroration:
- Rhetorical question Answer to a question Zoom into a descriptive detail Repetition “Curl on the tail”
My exordium Exercise 5: How do I present the exordium (individually) Myself
- Elisabeth/Who am I to be here
Subject
- American Comics, Vertigo
Structure
- Exordium: The illustrated story, moderns comics, the transition Corpus: Sandman and Hellblazer Peroratio: DC/Vertigo universe
Duration
- 7 min
Why should the audience listen
- New knowledge, a gift.
Make a sentence that creates a common ground and goodwill between you and your audience. Make a short appetizer to get the attention of the audience. Formulate your main point (propositio) in a way relating to your audience.
The five rhetorical duties Officia oraoris – the speaker duties (according to Aristoteles) INVENTIO - get ideas and do research.
- The overall subject The main arguments A focus A (changable) disposition
DISPOSITIO
- Exordium Narratio Argumentatio Peroratio
ELUCOTIO - the style of speech
- The lowest style: Understanding The average style: Decoration and beauty The highest style: To convince the sudience (make them act in the way the speaker wants)
MEMORIA
ACTIO
Constructive feedback Rules of conduction Constructive feedback is Careful, Concrete and Constructive Encourage the strength! Constructive feedback is a response to – and a respect to – the speakers efforts
Constructive feedback A way to develop both the professional and personal The communication is symmetric
- Stay on your own ground, take full responsibility for your verbal actions and argumentate: I think that your exordium was good because… You did have my attention during your corpus because… Your peroration gave me the feeling of taking action right away because… Your subject was very informative, but to understand it clearly I needed a clear definition in the beginning. You could for instance have done…
A gift
- The receiver says thanks and do only use what is understandable to him/her.
Exercise 6: 1 min to present the exordium (Individually with feedback) (see the feedback summery at the end of the document: My presentation - feedback)
Visual and aural observations of the presentation: Listen to the voice Observe the body language (postures, movements, mimics and gestures)
A clear focus My Focus Why should the audience listen to me? What purpose do I have for my presentation?
- (to inform (to teach), to please (to entertain), to touch/change behaviour)
Who is my audience?
- Do they have a certain interest beforehand? What do they know about the subject? What information should they have afterwards? Is the audience positive, negative or neutral to you and the organization you represent?
Exercise 7: Formulate you focus in one sentence (3 & 3) • I would like to inform the audience about another type of comics, to let them know there are alternatives to the traditional comics. • Comics are not only for kids, there is a whole genre out there directed at a mature reader. • Challenge the notion that comics are made for kids or teenagers.
Stage fright – communication apprehension Be mentally well prepared – find your balance Be well prepared subject wise Remember that the majority of your audience admire your courage Practice a lot before entering the stage Warm up your voice Take several deep breaths before entering the stage to relax your muscles Use an audience involving procedure in the beginning.
My personal preparation Exercise 8: How to minimize my stage fright? (2 & 2) How do I prepare myself:
- A month before A week before 3 days before The day before The night before In the morning 1 hour before 15 min. before 1 min. before
My personal structure Selection Kill your darlings
- Try to exchange your favorite sayings and expressions with something new
Kipling’s Method (higher editing)
- Print out your presentation, take a marker and cross out everything unnecessary
Weighting Order Importance Chronology Logic Stairs of abstraction – go from simple and concrete to more abstract information
Exercise 9: My personal structure (individually) Exercise 10: My personal structure (1.5 min presentation, 9 & 9)
My peroration Exercise 11: My peroration (2 & 2) What should your audience remember from your presentation?
- Vertigo
- A new type pf comics
- Sandman, Hellblazer
Do you want your audience to act? How? Describe it.
- My audience should be conscious about these comics and be open-minded, not narrow-minded
Formulate the end of your presentation.
- Repeat your proposistio (sum up the good arguments) Remember to appeal to pathos (emotions/feelings) if you want action. A rhetorical question could be good
Script Techniques for memorizing
- Full script Card script Schedule script Improvisation
Advantages Be confident with your script – you gain a lot of advantages in the communication situation
- Fluent presentation raises you ethos (credibility) Relaxed body language Relaxed posture Controlled voice and breath Drive Respect for the audience (Self-) confidence
My presentation - feedback
First presentation: 1,5 min – only the exordium + Well structured + Created a common ground + Good details + Good use of abstraction and concreteness + Good at making people relate to you subject + Engaging + Competent (you know your subject) + Good intonation + Great body language! Smile! Eyes! Lovely.
- Work on breathing techniques to ground yourself, listen to your body - Tone down moving on the floorm watch your steps and feet. - Rather mention than explain in the exordium - Form of preseantion?
Final presentation: 7 min Exordium
- + Good time and structure throughout the presentation, and good overview + Made the audience relate to the topic + Motivating and credible - Didn’t mention your name - Spoke to fast in the beginning
End
- + It was clear that it was the ending - A bit short - Should invite people to explore
Visual
- + Appealed to logos: Facts and logical + Was brought into a fantasy world
Body language
- - Create a greater balance between you and the screen - Be clear about where the audience should focus - Nervous in the beginning. Made noise by stepping around - Make the eye contact last longer
Voice
- + Good pronunciation - 15 ehh/erms, all in the first minute - A tsst sound between every slide
From Gry:
- + Rhetorical figures: Always…, always …, bokstavrim - More appetizers (?) - Who are you? Explain more to raise ethos.
Edit conflict - your version:
End of edit conflict
Week 41
Creative Design
Kasper Arentoft, Learning Zone KP
Edit conflict - other version:
Creative Design – the IDEO way By Kasper Arentoft
Model 1 Idea phase – observation and brainstorming. Generating ideas (no such thing as a bad idea, show no fear, don’t let realism stop you) Sorting and selection Concept development Concept test Visualization Project phase
- Product design
Design of leverance Test Implementation Introduction
Model 2 – the innovative process
Model 3 – the creative process
(All models is attached to this document)
How to promote the innovative and creative process
Interdisciplinary team • Interaction design • Industrial design • Human factors • Environment design • Mechanical design • Electrical engineering • Manufacturing • Prototyping
Create Hot teams • Forgiveness, not permission • Different points of view • Virtual teams • Project management
Promote Passion • Love what you do • Display your darlings • Blend positivity and healthy scepticism
Be inspired by real customers • Really get out of the office • Focus on empathy and inspiration • Research is a creative task
Encourage experimentation • Behaviour • Insight • Experience • Form
Make the ideas freely and structured • Create an abundant idea economy • Declare ideas to be free • Facilitate the right brainstorming behaviors
- Defer judgement
Build on the ideas of others Focus on the topic One conversation at the time Encourage wild ideas Quantity over quality
Risk a little, gain a lot – and tolerate failure • Prototype often and early – repeat, repeat, repeat • Fail early to succeed sooner • Reward experimentation and failure • Chunk the risk with prototypes
Share the knowledge • Make the invisible visible • IDEO’s Techbox crosses the virtual/physical • Situate knowledge in work-a-day scenarios • Celebrate and promote knowledge gatherers
Enabling projects • Dedicated project village • Allows focus/immersion in the project • Makes invisible progress visible • Invites collaboration and critique • Protect and bond teams
SPACE IS THE FINAL FRONTIER
The right conditions
Be interdisciplinary Be passionate Create Hot teams Focus chaos Share knowledge Make ideas abundant and free Fail early and often Be grounded with real customers Build a creative Workspace environment
The Case We want to establish a new fast food chain in Denmark - with the focus on healthy food, good service, a nice experience and compatible prices.
But to create this we need to be innovative and to create an alternative to what we see today!
We want to radically improve the retail experience and consumption of food-on-the go - through e.g. new packaging, better service and a cool environment!.
How to observe Observe the real people. Connect and emphatize. Record and share the
• Interesting contradictions • Work arounds – see they own inventions. Do they use the products as they
• Surprising behaviour. – use the products differently than they were meant to be used.
• Body language – easy, difficult, frustrating.
• Pauses in action – steps of action when using the product.
Observation synthesis
Identify different individuals in different contexts Think about the quality of the experience Look carefully Notice all the details Be curious about what you see - talk to people Make notes about problems, opportunities, ideas and insights Take pictures and sketch to remind and share Collect items, cool stuff and inspiration to take with you Remember to get lunch yourself - and a receipt
• What kind of interactions is taking place? • What is missing? • Who are the people involved • How are people dressed? • What are people doing? • Collect stories
• Share your observations • Tell stories • Tell teammates • Post it Organize them into opportunity areas
Problems: things people have difficulties with Ideas: solutions we can develop Insights: we discovered these new perspectives Themes: Common issues
Brainstorming - A semi-structured team-based of rapid idea generation
Benefits: • Gets you unstuck • Generate ideas quickly • Expands alternatives • Creates teams • Renews enthusiasm
Method: • Set up in advance • Prepare the team • Use a facilitator – keep on time, keep to subject, follow the rules • Follow the rules • Evaluate the ideas – afterwards
Set-up: • A space where people can focus • Well-articulated need or specific topic • Paper, pens post-its • Warm-up • Brain food • 45-90 min
Facilitator • Introduces concisely & clearly • Reviews the rules • Leads warm-up exercises •Records every idea, without judging (no reformulations, use post-its) Enforces the rules tactfully, but firmly Leads the group
Why rules: • Promote free flow of ideas • Prevent decent into chaos
The Rules • Defer judgement (no is the forbidden word, no negative language) • Build on the ideas of others • Stay focused on the topic • One conversation at the time • Encourage wild ideas • Be visual • Go for quantity over quality • Evaluate afterwards
Talk • Use post-its • Save the ideas
DAY 2
Catch up from yesterday • What are your discoveries from yesterday? • What did work and what didn’t work? • Did you follow the phases – or did you do as you always have done? • Do you have any questions or insights you want to share?
Alterative brainstorming methods • Negative brainstorming Instead of the best product, imagine the worst product Take these negative ideas and change them into positive ideas • Association technique Facilitator put a word up. Association of 20 words • Circle technique Sitting in a circle, write down your idea. Send the note further and let other continue on what you started. • Picture shop Cut out pictures that inspire you. Sit down and tell the others how the picture inspires you relating to the topic. • Your creative idol Step into character of your creative idol and tell us what this character would like.
Sorting and grouping • Start by sorting your ideas
- - Roughly throw out the ideas most unlikely and those you don’t feel for
• Then group your ideas
- - Find similarities in the problems attached, solutions or design. Move around the post-its.
• Create concepts - Select 3 concepts you want to test further
PROTOTYPING
Prototyping as a way of life • Learning by doing • Communicating by doing • Failing is ok
Get solid quickly • User feedback is easier • Communicates the concept • “Never go to a meeting without one”
Start simple • Quick • Dirty • Careless
Ways of prototyping • Enacted scenario – type pf theatre • Bodystorming – test out some of our assumptions about our product • Building the prototype • Appearance model (on computer) • Interactive hardware (interface checks)
Benefits • Very fast – allows explanation of lots of alternative solutions • Low costs – and a great opportunity to find obstacles when moving from idea to product • It is really easy – anyone can do it • Useful in presenting the final concept – benefits and WOW experience • Fun and teambuilding
Actual doing • Test your three concepts with rapid prototyping. Don’t make them it nice and pretty, but focus on testing the idea so that you can make the crucial decision later. • Make more than 1 prototype for each concept (maybe in smaller groups) • Present the prototypes to each other – discuss strengths, weaknesses and improvements • Use the material you can find, and save the prototypes
Lars Worning
Anxiety in Creative Processes By Lars Worning
Introduction • Creativity as the core pf the Kaospilot education • Navigate in chaos – find our own way, rely on our own creations/solutions
Def. Creativity (Lars Worning mixing French philosophers)
The highest reach of humanity is creativity, a sharing in the power of God, the Creator. Creativity is the mystery of freedom; that in man which is distinctively human. The ancient taboos surround man on every side, cramp his moral life. And to liberate himself from their power man must feel himself inwardly free and only then can he struggle externally for freedom, And the goal of that struggle is the creativity that is truly human. Man’s liberation is not only from somethingm but for something – this for is man’s creativity.
You meet anxiety in chaos. Chaos is a threat if you are not able to solve the situation. Practice to control your reactions in critical situations
Free will and Anxiety Fear – a fear of something concrete, clear. Anxiety – a fear of something abstract, blurred. But both feelings create similar emotions in man – except that when you have anxiety there is nothing to attack or nothing to flee from. But man usually attack or flee anyway. The fear is directed at the person/environment in our surroundings.
Søren Kierkegaard – Begrepet Angst Jean Paul Satre – Being and Nothingness (Væren og Intet)
Free will - knowledge about our possibilities Every choice we make is determining the rest of our life. We have the responsibility to do or not do. This freedom and responsibility of your own life creates anxiety.
When anxiety is in play, reason is not able to hold the toils. We use compulsive actions to avoid dealing with the actual problem – either because we are not able or that we are not willing.
Anxiety is necessary for your existential being to survive, in the same way as fear is necessary for the physical body to survive.
Terror – a picture of anxiety Use fear (physical threats) and anxiety (hidden/unnamed threats) to bend the will of the people. You don’t know when it comes, when it hits. Terror is described in the same way as anxiety.
Creativity Creativity is not an analytic process. Thinking does not create ideas. Focus your mind and then empty your mind. Out of the emptiness Creativity is impossible without meeting anxiety.
Søren Kierkegaard: You have to lose yourself to win yourself. Let go of your habits, cultural norms & the imagined ego. His suggestion arrives from the notion of Christianity that you are something to begin with.
Exercise: • Clean the room.
- Clean away your dislikes – and your likes.
Take away your preferences, my structure & my habits in the way of doing things. This emptiness is scary – creates anxiety. But the emptiness is the space in which ideas arrive.
Meaning You can do anything if you know why. Meaning and a feeling of usefulness is important to confront anxiety. We will wait for instructions if not given any reason for why you should do something.
Staying in nothingness is creating anxiety. Examples: A too long hug
- A too long handshake Sit next to the only person on the bus
We can’t stand being in these situations and try to escape them.
Anxiety and Change Be aware of the fact that change can initiate anxiety. People act annoyed, critical and start isolated groups, but they are in fact anxious. You are placing them in chaos.
Body Self Development System • Manu Vision
- Breathing and grounding techniques
Personal leadership (taking responsibility of your own life) Fears about personal leadership and good things about the fears. - To be confronted with who you are when seeing yourself from the outside. Good: Find out who you are - To be alone – in the physical world, the world of opinions Good: Learn to love yourself, before you hope for people to love you - That it will lead you to be a person you dislike. Good: That you find out now, instead of too later, when it can be too late to change.
- To have courage to accept myself as I am and change myself.
- You can’t blame anyone/anything else Good: Responsibility for you r own actions. Good and bad. - To be someone no one will listen/to have nothing to give – self respect Accept yourself as you are. - That people will follow you without reflection Good: When you are a leader you sometimes make the decisions. - That life is running you, that you are not running life. Good: - That you don’t make the right choices Be aware that your choices affect your life and that by changing (making other choices) behaviour, you can alter your life.
The fears are not necessarily bad, they are just our anxiety. Many of our fears are also the good things about personal leadership. That you are independent, that you take responsibility of your own life and accept yourself as you are.
Email: larsworning@hotmail.com
Karoline Kjeldtoft, Designer
Creative processes – personal experience By Karoline Kjeldtoft
Education and experience from fashion design and the fashion industry. Also theatre and costume design, graphic design The lecture will focus on her dream project come true, named 86/77/96 Old women measurements for breast, waist and hips
86/77/96
Fashion The main condition is that things that should refer/relate to the body. Why only the focus on the clothes to fit 20 year old, slim women body? Why don’t we focus more on the object we are relating to – namely the body?
Beauty ideal Now the ideal is the slim, skinny, tall and young body. But the ideal has also change a lot during the decades.
Focus of project • Age • Clothes as a comment, as a way to say something about the world
She uses 80 year old women as model body. (She had difficulties finding pictures/measurements of old women. She ended up looking for models to photograph the models herself.)
We have a cultural reservation for old age and old bodies. And we have a picture of old people as nice, wise & non-sexual and we measure our own youth towards them. And what is the beauty ideal for the old body.
When making the clothes
• Tone down function • Tone down trend: Wanted it to more common. Time shouldn’t be the first thing you think of.
• Working with the body as a sculpture. • Use the skin as part of the fabric of the clothes, as an integrated part of the clothes. • Make a contrast to the beauty ideal that is built in to our minds. • Make the clothes so delicate and elegant that people have to look at them. • Classic and well-known dresses as the starting point (Coco Chanel – the little black dress)
Tools for idea development
• Be real to the process – take all the questions and challenges serious. No compromises. • If you work with amateurs, take care of them or find someone to do so. They all reach outside their comfort zone, their own limits.
Exercise: Big paper, draw 30 squares on it Draw as many representations of an apple you can think of. Hopefully all 30 squares. They must all be different ideas.
Idea development tool Vision Imagine if…then what? Idea/problem Main idea/problem/theme Validity Why does the World need this? Relevance Why does the World need this now? Professional validity Why does your profession need this? Target group Who is the product made for? Inspiration What made me start (from outside) Motivation What made me start (from inside) Personal validity Why do I need to make this project? Method How will the work be done?
- How will I work my way to the result?
Target What is the main target? A concrete version of the idea. Scope What will exactly be finished and done at the end?
- What will be presented (at examination)?
Product What characteristic has the result?
Project managing Schedule Priority of time during the project
- How much time do we spend on each part of the project?
Budget Under which economical circumstances is the project taking place? Collaborators Who will be involved in the project? Enclosure What will be enclosed in this description?
Tools • 15 min where you write non-stop on a precise question, or brain storm. • Apple exercise • 10 min sparring with a friend on a precise question, or brain storm. • 15 min of listing or putting chaos into diagrams – to get hold of many threads and thoughts • 15 min to end up with 3 solutions on your questions, pick one of them next day • 15 min mind map – on a precise question or brain storm • 15 min on your back in an undisturbed place with one precise question in your mind.
Email: karoline@talent.dk
Edit conflict - your version:
Creative Design – the IDEO way By Kasper Arentoft
Model 1 Idea phase – observation and brainstorming. Generating ideas (no such thing as a bad idea, show no fear, don’t let realism stop you) Sorting and selection Concept development Concept test Visualization Project phase
- Product design
Design of leverance Test Implementation Introduction
Model 2 – the innovative process
Model 3 – the creative process
(All models is attached to this document)
How to promote the innovative and creative process
Interdisciplinary team • Interaction design • Industrial design • Human factors • Environment design • Mechanical design • Electrical engineering • Manufacturing • Prototyping
Create Hot teams • Forgiveness, not permission • Different points of view • Virtual teams • Project management
Promote Passion • Love what you do • Display your darlings • Blend positivity and healthy scepticism
Be inspired by real customers • Really get out of the office • Focus on empathy and inspiration • Research is a creative task
Encourage experimentation • Behaviour • Insight • Experience • Form
Make the ideas freely and structured • Create an abundant idea economy • Declare ideas to be free • Facilitate the right brainstorming behaviors
- Defer judgement
Build on the ideas of others Focus on the topic One conversation at the time Encourage wild ideas Quantity over quality
Risk a little, gain a lot – and tolerate failure • Prototype often and early – repeat, repeat, repeat • Fail early to succeed sooner • Reward experimentation and failure • Chunk the risk with prototypes
Share the knowledge • Make the invisible visible • IDEO’s Techbox crosses the virtual/physical • Situate knowledge in work-a-day scenarios • Celebrate and promote knowledge gatherers
Enabling projects • Dedicated project village • Allows focus/immersion in the project • Makes invisible progress visible • Invites collaboration and critique • Protect and bond teams
SPACE IS THE FINAL FRONTIER
The right conditions
Be interdisciplinary Be passionate Create Hot teams Focus chaos Share knowledge Make ideas abundant and free Fail early and often Be grounded with real customers Build a creative Workspace environment
The Case We want to establish a new fast food chain in Denmark - with the focus on healthy food, good service, a nice experience and compatible prices.
But to create this we need to be innovative and to create an alternative to what we see today!
We want to radically improve the retail experience and consumption of food-on-the go - through e.g. new packaging, better service and a cool environment!.
How to observe Observe the real people. Connect and emphatize. Record and share the
• Interesting contradictions • Work arounds – see they own inventions. Do they use the products as they
• Surprising behaviour. – use the products differently than they were meant to be used.
• Body language – easy, difficult, frustrating.
• Pauses in action – steps of action when using the product.
Observation synthesis
Identify different individuals in different contexts Think about the quality of the experience Look carefully Notice all the details Be curious about what you see - talk to people Make notes about problems, opportunities, ideas and insights Take pictures and sketch to remind and share Collect items, cool stuff and inspiration to take with you Remember to get lunch yourself - and a receipt
• What kind of interactions is taking place? • What is missing? • Who are the people involved • How are people dressed? • What are people doing? • Collect stories
• Share your observations • Tell stories • Tell teammates • Post it Organize them into opportunity areas
Problems: things people have difficulties with Ideas: solutions we can develop Insights: we discovered these new perspectives Themes: Common issues
Brainstorming - A semi-structured team-based of rapid idea generation
Benefits: • Gets you unstuck • Generate ideas quickly • Expands alternatives • Creates teams • Renews enthusiasm
Method: • Set up in advance • Prepare the team • Use a facilitator – keep on time, keep to subject, follow the rules • Follow the rules • Evaluate the ideas – afterwards
Set-up: • A space where people can focus • Well-articulated need or specific topic • Paper, pens post-its • Warm-up • Brain food • 45-90 min
Facilitator • Introduces concisely & clearly • Reviews the rules • Leads warm-up exercises •Records every idea, without judging (no reformulations, use post-its) Enforces the rules tactfully, but firmly Leads the group
Why rules: • Promote free flow of ideas • Prevent decent into chaos
The Rules • Defer judgement (no is the forbidden word, no negative language) • Build on the ideas of others • Stay focused on the topic • One conversation at the time • Encourage wild ideas • Be visual • Go for quantity over quality • Evaluate afterwards
Talk • Use post-its • Save the ideas
DAY 2
Catch up from yesterday • What are your discoveries from yesterday? • What did work and what didn’t work? • Did you follow the phases – or did you do as you always have done? • Do you have any questions or insights you want to share?
Alterative brainstorming methods • Negative brainstorming Instead of the best product, imagine the worst product Take these negative ideas and change them into positive ideas • Association technique Facilitator put a word up. Association of 20 words • Circle technique Sitting in a circle, write down your idea. Send the note further and let other continue on what you started. • Picture shop Cut out pictures that inspire you. Sit down and tell the others how the picture inspires you relating to the topic. • Your creative idol Step into character of your creative idol and tell us what this character would like.
Sorting and grouping • Start by sorting your ideas
- - Roughly throw out the ideas most unlikely and those you don’t feel for
• Then group your ideas
- - Find similarities in the problems attached, solutions or design. Move around the post-its.
• Create concepts - Select 3 concepts you want to test further
PROTOTYPING
Prototyping as a way of life • Learning by doing • Communicating by doing • Failing is ok
Get solid quickly • User feedback is easier • Communicates the concept • “Never go to a meeting without one”
Start simple • Quick • Dirty • Careless
Ways of prototyping • Enacted scenario – type pf theatre • Bodystorming – test out some of our assumptions about our product • Building the prototype • Appearance model (on computer) • Interactive hardware (interface checks)
Benefits • Very fast – allows explanation of lots of alternative solutions • Low costs – and a great opportunity to find obstacles when moving from idea to product • It is really easy – anyone can do it • Useful in presenting the final concept – benefits and WOW experience • Fun and teambuilding
Actual doing • Test your three concepts with rapid prototyping. Don’t make them it nice and pretty, but focus on testing the idea so that you can make the crucial decision later. • Make more than 1 prototype for each concept (maybe in smaller groups) • Present the prototypes to each other – discuss strengths, weaknesses and improvements • Use the material you can find, and save the prototypes
Lars Worning
Anxiety in Creative Processes By Lars Worning
Introduction • Creativity as the core pf the Kaospilot education • Navigate in chaos – find our own way, rely on our own creations/solutions
Def. Creativity (Lars Worning mixing French philosophers)
The highest reach of humanity is creativity, a sharing in the power of God, the Creator. Creativity is the mystery of freedom; that in man which is distinctively human. The ancient taboos surround man on every side, cramp his moral life. And to liberate himself from their power man must feel himself inwardly free and only then can he struggle externally for freedom, And the goal of that struggle is the creativity that is truly human. Man’s liberation is not only from somethingm but for something – this for is man’s creativity.
You meet anxiety in chaos. Chaos is a threat if you are not able to solve the situation. Practice to control your reactions in critical situations
Free will and Anxiety Fear – a fear of something concrete, clear. Anxiety – a fear of something abstract, blurred. But both feelings create similar emotions in man – except that when you have anxiety there is nothing to attack or nothing to flee from. But man usually attack or flee anyway. The fear is directed at the person/environment in our surroundings.
Søren Kierkegaard – Begrepet Angst Jean Paul Satre – Being and Nothingness (Væren og Intet)
Free will - knowledge about our possibilities Every choice we make is determining the rest of our life. We have the responsibility to do or not do. This freedom and responsibility of your own life creates anxiety.
When anxiety is in play, reason is not able to hold the toils. We use compulsive actions to avoid dealing with the actual problem – either because we are not able or that we are not willing.
Anxiety is necessary for your existential being to survive, in the same way as fear is necessary for the physical body to survive.
Terror – a picture of anxiety Use fear (physical threats) and anxiety (hidden/unnamed threats) to bend the will of the people. You don’t know when it comes, when it hits. Terror is described in the same way as anxiety.
Creativity Creativity is not an analytic process. Thinking does not create ideas. Focus your mind and then empty your mind. Out of the emptiness Creativity is impossible without meeting anxiety.
Søren Kierkegaard: You have to lose yourself to win yourself. Let go of your habits, cultural norms & the imagined ego. His suggestion arrives from the notion of Christianity that you are something to begin with.
Exercise: • Clean the room.
- Clean away your dislikes – and your likes.
Take away your preferences, my structure & my habits in the way of doing things. This emptiness is scary – creates anxiety. But the emptiness is the space in which ideas arrive.
Meaning You can do anything if you know why. Meaning and a feeling of usefulness is important to confront anxiety. We will wait for instructions if not given any reason for why you should do something.
Staying in nothingness is creating anxiety. Examples: A too long hug
- A too long handshake Sit next to the only person on the bus
We can’t stand being in these situations and try to escape them.
Anxiety and Change Be aware of the fact that change can initiate anxiety. People act annoyed, critical and start isolated groups, but they are in fact anxious. You are placing them in chaos.
Body Self Development System • Manu Vision
- Breathing and grounding techniques
Personal leadership (taking responsibility of your own life) Fears about personal leadership and good things about the fears. - To be confronted with who you are when seeing yourself from the outside. Good: Find out who you are - To be alone – in the physical world, the world of opinions Good: Learn to love yourself, before you hope for people to love you - That it will lead you to be a person you dislike. Good: That you find out now, instead of too later, when it can be too late to change.
- To have courage to accept myself as I am and change myself.
- You can’t blame anyone/anything else Good: Responsibility for you r own actions. Good and bad. - To be someone no one will listen/to have nothing to give – self respect Accept yourself as you are. - That people will follow you without reflection Good: When you are a leader you sometimes make the decisions. - That life is running you, that you are not running life. Good: - That you don’t make the right choices Be aware that your choices affect your life and that by changing (making other choices) behaviour, you can alter your life.
The fears are not necessarily bad, they are just our anxiety. Many of our fears are also the good things about personal leadership. That you are independent, that you take responsibility of your own life and accept yourself as you are.
Email: larsworning@hotmail.com
Karoline Kjeldtoft, Designer
Creative processes – personal experience By Karoline Kjeldtoft
Education and experience from fashion design and the fashion industry. Also theatre and costume design, graphic design The lecture will focus on her dream project come true, named 86/77/96 Old women measurements for breast, waist and hips
86/77/96
Fashion The main condition is that things that should refer/relate to the body. Why only the focus on the clothes to fit 20 year old, slim women body? Why don’t we focus more on the object we are relating to – namely the body?
Beauty ideal Now the ideal is the slim, skinny, tall and young body. But the ideal has also change a lot during the decades.
Focus of project • Age • Clothes as a comment, as a way to say something about the world
She uses 80 year old women as model body. (She had difficulties finding pictures/measurements of old women. She ended up looking for models to photograph the models herself.)
We have a cultural reservation for old age and old bodies. And we have a picture of old people as nice, wise & non-sexual and we measure our own youth towards them. And what is the beauty ideal for the old body.
When making the clothes
• Tone down function • Tone down trend: Wanted it to more common. Time shouldn’t be the first thing you think of.
• Working with the body as a sculpture. • Use the skin as part of the fabric of the clothes, as an integrated part of the clothes. • Make a contrast to the beauty ideal that is built in to our minds. • Make the clothes so delicate and elegant that people have to look at them. • Classic and well-known dresses as the starting point (Coco Chanel – the little black dress)
Tools for idea development
• Be real to the process – take all the questions and challenges serious. No compromises. • If you work with amateurs, take care of them or find someone to do so. They all reach outside their comfort zone, their own limits.
Exercise: Big paper, draw 30 squares on it Draw as many representations of an apple you can think of. Hopefully all 30 squares. They must all be different ideas.
Idea development tool Vision Imagine if…then what? Idea/problem Main idea/problem/theme Validity Why does the World need this? Relevance Why does the World need this now? Professional validity Why does your profession need this? Target group Who is the product made for? Inspiration What made me start (from outside) Motivation What made me start (from inside) Personal validity Why do I need to make this project? Method How will the work be done?
- How will I work my way to the result?
Target What is the main target? A concrete version of the idea. Scope What will exactly be finished and done at the end?
- What will be presented (at examination)?
Product What characteristic has the result?
Project managing Schedule Priority of time during the project
- How much time do we spend on each part of the project?
Budget Under which economical circumstances is the project taking place? Collaborators Who will be involved in the project? Enclosure What will be enclosed in this description?
Tools • 15 min where you write non-stop on a precise question, or brain storm. • Apple exercise • 10 min sparring with a friend on a precise question, or brain storm. • 15 min of listing or putting chaos into diagrams – to get hold of many threads and thoughts • 15 min to end up with 3 solutions on your questions, pick one of them next day • 15 min mind map – on a precise question or brain storm • 15 min on your back in an undisturbed place with one precise question in your mind.
Email: karoline@talent.dk
End of edit conflict
Nikki Bonne, Photografer
Week 42
Fall Vacation
Week 43
Creative Design
Kasper Arentoft, Learning Zone KP
Nikki Bonne, Photografer
Week 44
Organisation, Systemic Thinking and Leadership
Ouafa Rian
Edit conflict - other version:
Systemic Thinking By Ouafa Rian www.rian.dk
Draft from PART I: Heading towards something we don’t control We make up our own mind about what is happening around us. Every action has a reaction – both on a individual level, as well as collective level.
PART II (13.00-15.45) Natural laws Is religion a natural law? If yes, how does that affect our Western society?
Linear versus circular
Spirituality in an intellectual frame Does the abstract need to become concrete to be real?
Many underlying laws – when does an assumed rule become truth?
Delete all absolutes (movement from 1960-70’s) – Jungian archetypes Faith, truth, belief Choice – making a choice is a hunt for the truth
Is truth an absolute? Negotiate for truth, or at least a shared truth, an experience of the world
Living systems (F. Capra) Conditions to determine whether a system is a living system
• Network A pattern of organization that is a self creating, self maintaining and self renewing network of relation in which each of the parts in ht system is there to take part in creation, maintenance and renewing of other parts in the system.
• Dissipative structure (flow) The network of relation is embodied in a physical structure that upholds its form by a constant flow of energy and matter through and in the physical structure.
• Life process (bringing forth the world) The ongoing embodiment into physical structure happen by a life process which the living system interacts with its environment. In that process the living system creates its interior world view.
Understand the self organization of a living system by: The Core of self/identity around which the system organize itself. What gives a human identity can be translated into identity-material for an organization.
The Network of relations that builds up: Unpredictable possibilities of correlation is “good”
- of differences is “good”
The Flow of Information that happens. To give and take information is a question of attitude.
• Need to know versus Nice to know - also a question of attitude. • Unpredictability and differences is good.
Levers for supporting self organization in a living system The possibility to self-organize in complex and dynamic systems is there, you can either impede it or support it. Make the network of relations rich and diverse Enable: Flow of information
- A give or take atmosphere A need-to-know and nice-to-know environment A notion that unpredictability and differences is good
Create or sustain the core identity
Non-linearity Networks, projects, humans, learning, knowledge, multi-culturality, processes, relations, economy, markets etc. These are all emergence of things not predictable. As chaos, these events don’t happen randomly, but they are impossible to predict.
The language of living systems • Complexity: Many-folded, compound. • Dynamic: Changeable, moveable. • Chaos: Unpredictable, yet not random, yet not coincidental states occurring in the system. • Self organization: The system displays the ability to do/create those circumstances by itself. • Network: A structure for organizing, from where you can get at any other point to another at any time. • Dissipative structure: Flow. • Non-linearity: No a one-to-one relation. • Emergence: When parts get complex enough, conditions occur that were unpredictable when focusing on the parts. • A system: Wholeness of parts constituting the system and thereby bring forth a united functionality. Remember: If we change the language, we change the world
Ebbe Lundgård, COOP Norden and former Miniter of Culture
Leadership from a personal persepctive By Ebbe Lundgård
Agenda: • Intro • Experience • Structures • Change as a leader • Leadership background • Basic preconditions • Informal
Introduction • Leadership is a about excerting power. • “There is no gathering word for power” – århusian philosopher
• Power is dependend on a audience - it has to be excerted
• Democracy is by now the best solution to excert power
• You should be proud to be leader.
Experience Has been a leader in some situation or other since highschool • Earned lieutenant status in the military, then worked in the royal guard. Wanted to be the one to give orders, not taken them • University in Copenhagen – chairman of the committee for the youth rebellion. • Folkhigh teacher, while teaching at the university • Principle at a folkhigh school • Director of assosiation of folkhigh schools • Chairman of the association of cosumer products in Copenhagen (FDB) • Political career – former Danish minister of Culture
Structures of leadership
Pyramid structure/top down leadership Eg. In the military Take orders from the layer above you, give orders to the ones under you.
The circle structure E.g. in a folkhigh school Discuss, discuss until you reach a solution Involve everybody Somebody that has the responsibility – but still having to share all decisions Majority rule/or strongest voice rule.
The square structure E.g. in politics Convince, negotiation & involving others to make others see what your agenda is. Then you take a decision By counting up the different votes, you see whether your decision is accepted or not.
Change Leadership is about change. You have to adapt to change or trigger the change Change it itself is of no vlaue. It has to happen for a reason and that reason you have to share with the ones you are a leader for.
8 pre-conditions for change • Necessity The change has to necessary and you have to communicate the necessity to the people you lead
• Coalition – you have to form a coalition, you have to know that people with you, an open coalition. But you also need to be aware that somebody won’t be part of it, some people you need to say goodbye to.
• Vision – Strategy (development) The vision is to underline where you want to be in the future, where will want to go. The strategy is the way to reach that goal, a road to the vision made true.
• Storytelling Tell the story to everybody in the organization/company of the change. Meet the people, tell them why it is necessary, and make understand. And improve the story every time you tell it.
• Action When the story has been told, you need to take action. And do something very concrete.
• Low hanging fruits Pick the immediate results from the change. The immediate improvements. Show the a small, concrete advantage to the organization/company.
• Consolidate results (change) This is now how we work, this is how we generate results. And you have legitimate a certain way acting.
• Nailing/anchering This action/this change is now a part of how the organization act, solve and change.
Questions: • Where in this model do we meet the most resistance and change? Inviting people to come with ideas for a vision and strategy – often the leaders end up formulating both because the people of the organization are afraid to contribute, that they have to simple or stupid ideas. But when you get to the storytelling, the people get involved.
• What are the success criterias for creating a vision for a company? It is to get as many people as possible to form/formulate the vision and strategy.
• How do we deal with passive restistance? What will passive resistance lead to? Insome companies it will end with people being sacked if they are not engaged. But one important questions is: Why are the people passive? Why are they not engaged? Have workshop that “force” the employers to express their feelings. So that you can find out some of they why.
Leadership background Eight kinds of intelligence/abilities • Vision What do you want with your leadership? Is the job just interesting or do you want to move something?
• Communication Communication is key word. You have to be able tell stories to people, inform them. Communicate your thoughts.
• Heart/Passion You need to feel engaged in the job, have a passion and a feel for the job. Or else you become a techincal leader. Not necessarily fruitful in the long run.
• Team building How to build a team? How to create an atmosphere of mutual understanding and trust, a room where people dare to express themselves? But were you still act as the head/captain of the team?
• Preserveance Stayer ability. Do you have the stamina and the will to do what it takes to make something happen?
• Will to listen Do you read the signals, understand and listen to what is said to you? Are you perceptive?
• Social intelligence To be a social person. Understand the way people are together, the social mechanisms underlying our interaction. Be aware of and at least try to understand the cultural differences.
• Diversity Ability and courage to divcersity the group or people you are leading. Don’t make clones, dare to have diversity (background, skills and competences as well as ethnicity and sex)
Basic preconditions 4 basic traits • Knowledge Knowledge about cultural background and general knowledge about life
• Empathy The ability to understand how people react, take their feelings into consideration when making decisions
• Tolerance Open mind/. Open to other peoples opinions and interested in those opinions, not only tolerating other peoples opinions
• Ambition You have to have some wants, ambitions.
Informal qualifications • Know your weaknesses –be aware of how you react in different situations • Control of feelings, have a poker face. Don’t show your immediate dislikes. • Small talk (tend receptions. Hehehe) If the conversation is boring, put on the poker phase
Uffe Elbæk, KP
Leadership from a KaosPilot point of view By Uffe Elbæk
Agenda • Share 6 personal stories from my professional career (1982-2005) • 3 different perspectives on leadership and organization • Introduce 1 to 2 actual projects
Stories and their underlying patterns Story 1 Jimmy Larsen (the star of the circus) – Århus 1982 • Forced to take action and create my own job, if I am to get what I want. • How to work with motivation? Identify strenghts and abilities.
- How to turn the bad energy into a good one? Promised things they wanted (respect, fame)
• Meet the outsider – feel their ambition. • Turn weaknesses into strengths, how to go into problem and find the hidden solution.
- Sometimes by adding humour and irony. Change the mindset the problem.
Story 2 Next Stop Sovjet – 1989 • Frontrunner almost shut down, • Caravans from Danmark to Sovjet – final concert on the Red Square (university) • Do you see any change and power in Sovjet? Yes, but not before 20 years have passed.
- One month later the Berlin Wall came down.
• Do not underrestimate social change • Weak signals. How do we train ourself to listen for the weak signals?
Story 3 Project Kaospilots - Jan 1991 • Econmic crisis for the Frontrunners • What kind of education should we have that could enable us to handle the projects
- we have had and the challenges we have met?
• Who should be the head of the school?
- Uffe imagining: IF I should be the head of the Kaospilot, how should the school be? The vision.
• What motivates us to say yes?
Story 4 Outpost in San Fransisco – 1996 • Meeting with important CEO – meeting failing miserably Why should I listen to you, and your story? Are you aware of the culture in the context you are? Do you know what you ask for? • Tip from VISA founder, 4 simple steps for handling failure. 1. Identify your failure – what went wrong? 2. Take your part of the responsibility for the failure, and know what the 3. What can I learn from this? 4. Do it differently next time
Story 5 Outpost in Durban, South Africa – 2001 • Do we really know where the deep, big change-waves come from?
- Don’t focus on the small waves, but the big ones.
• Political history as a medium • It is very easy to think about/imagine you know a lot, but do you act in the world? • Know all the facts, but you need your heart - Galtung
- Need a good head, brain and hands
• What competences are needed to create results? Story 6 Vigdis Finbonadottir in Reykjavik - 2005 • What kind of culture is created when men are afraid of men?
- What voices are not present/not speaking up when you enter a room? Dynamics between men and between women.
• The many voices in an organization
3 perspectives on leadership/organizational behaviour Reflection 1 – 4 kinds of leadership DRAW FIGURE • Below: Leaders have to be able to move people in a certain direction,
- motivate and inspire people to move. Leadership by motivation, by vision and so on.
• Besides: Peer to peer leadership – partners/collegues • Above: Leadership towards people above you • Myself: Personal leadership
What kind leadership to perfom on people below, besides, above you and at last (not least) how am I leader for myself? The result? A structure were everyone is supporting everyone.
Reflection 2 – Organizational structure at KP You have a structure were everyone is supporting everyone. The Kaospilot is in between this system and the old hierarchical structure. Kaospilot move between the old hierarchical structure, the fishnet and the atomic structure. When are the school supporting itself on what?
Reflection 3 – My vision/our vision • The paradox – My vision/Our vision Uffe: Vision . Strategy . Action plan . Time -> Result Staff: All have their individiual visions and strategies. Understand what motivates me and what motivates members of the staff to work at the Kaospilot. How does this work together? To manage to put the person vision into the collective vision Respect that there is something that is bigger than you. How can you incooperate your vision into a collective vision.
3 important words when we talk about change leadership • Identity • Meaning • Self Control Good leadership in change situation, so that they don’t loose their self-control.
- Listen
One giant Leap project Time, mask, money, confrontation, god, inspiratiomn, sex, death, happy
Ørjan Jensen
How to navigate in organisations By Ørjan Jensen
Litterature Frederick Winslow Taylor Henri Fayol Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne studies/experiments (1927-1932) (Western Electric Hawthorne Works, Chicago) Iben Tranholm - Himmelflugten
Introduction • Military background
- What is teamwork about? What makes people able to work well together?
• The dialectic relationship between theories and practises.
• Learning starting from trying to navigate in the confusion.
- Confusion as a great motivator
• Leadership versus management
- Leadership is about moving people. Management is about supervision, control and direction. And to treat the human resources as one of the many tools. Things that can be managed.
Background • Military • Kaospilot team manager • NLP – Neuro Linguistic Programming – how by changing language, you can change behaviour • Hypno therapist
Elements of leadership Mastery • What kind of expectations do leaders have today?
- These expectations was build in the 90’s. What happened? The word master began to appear the media. What is a master? Mastery? Adds for jobs requested mastery/self-mastery. In time the dominating term was self-mastery as
• Leadership books are talking about self-mastery.
- How do we develop self-mastery in organisations or in leaders.
• People/organizations that master self-mastery are able to lead themselves.
Flexibility • There are questions of quality and demand from people or in organisation. When to be flexible
- and when are you not.
• Not about doing what other people tell you do and accept those missions.
- But rather the ability to change and stay in different situations
• Manouver tactics – if that happens, we do this, but when another thing happens we do that.
- We have different solutions to many different situations. Karl the Great (preussian discipline) First to write about manouver tatics “I didn’t made you major to do as I am doing, but to put you in a position to think”
• Fight the old belief that all challenges can be met with planning.
- The better planning the better the solutions. Rather face the fact that it is impossible to plan everything because the world is unpredictable and always changing.
• Being able to understand other peoples way of thinking as well as your own • Leadership is not about having followers accepting the leaders orders blindly.
- But an aware followship that corrects the leader, shapes the leader and speaks up against the leader if the he/she no longer represent the followship. Change of focus happened end 80’s, beginning 90’s.
Command and Control Leadership (back in fashion) Command and control, telling people what to do and what not do, taking care of them, taking all the reposibility. Controlling if you do your work correctly and controlling/checking if you are feeling ok. Beloved leaders that makes people insecure and passive
Why is this structure unhealthy? People not able to organise, manage themselves.
What is the alternative difficult? The complexity The efficiancy All the employees need to be commited
The caring leader today Make sure that the people are commited and take care of them by isolating the people that disagree/sabotage.
Organisation as an organism
Surveys International companies in the Western countires (Europe and USA) What kind of people do we find in organisation. 10% Self managers, by nature.
- If no challenge, they either change their situation or quit. Take the initative to manouver the situation High turnover
60% Reactive Want to change, but have to be activated to change.
- Be flexible for new thing, for change.
30% Blocked The more you try to involve them, change them, the more they block themselves out/in
- Negative, destructive for many. Stayers, spending an lifetime in an organisation.
The last 30% gets the most attention. 90% of the resources. And they will be the people that are fired in the future.
University students 3% of the students starting at the university have a goal with their education. A plan.
Navigate in organisations • No one is holding the truth, because there is no truth. • Map the territory (prejects; revealing the intentions and points of view)
- Adjust the map, not the terrritory you are mapping. A map constantly being revised.
• Flexibitlity is about accepting that the map is not the territtory.
- Know that your map is based on your perception, it is not the truth. Understand other peoples maps, make a map that fit into other peoples map.
- In an organisation there are as many maps as there are individual. How do we combine them?
Types of manouvering • Trip on a boat – looking through the back window.
- Not steering, but observation what you liked and didn’t like
• Look at future, what do I want, what to happen, where do I want to go. Find a strategy in for
- getting there. And be willing to change strategies if that one you are using isn’t taking you there.
Learning Classic definition of learning: Relatively lasting change of behaviour Modern definition of learning: Learning is a change of action and thinking
Wrap-up Exercise: Rub your hands together until they get warm. Fold your hands and see what thumb is on top. Rub your hands together again. This time let the other tumb be on top. (Ref. Ketan’s exercise on our resistance to change)
Navigate yourself through life in organisations towards a goal. Remember to not be afraid to change the goal.
New disease: Being burned out People with no goals, no ambition and either not knowing what they want or wanting nothing. Our way of thinking is affection our body to a large extent. Placebo affect – self-healing Self-fulfilling prophecies
Stability versus change 80% want more of the same, only 20% look for new things/welcome change.
Questions • What is my goal with being here? What is the motivation for my actions. • Is it good enough to be the person who feels how she resists change, but still does it?
- Or it is better if you hunger for change? So that when something new happens, then you immediately make use of it and replace something old.
Frank Aggerholm, Danish University of Education
An academic introduction systemic thinking and communication By Frank Agerholm
Def. Kaospilot Navigate in chaos Reduce complexity
Main focus 1. Overall introduction to Niklas Luhmann system theory 2. Different kinds of social systems – different kinds of communication 3. Organizations and a perspective on leadership 4. Questions, discussion and/or reflection
Complexity
- Multiplicity and variety E.g. Development of the m modern society Complex versus complexity
Main points/presumptions in the system theory
• You cannot fight complexity E.g. the founding of a grass root organization with the proclaimed aim to fight complexity would itself just produce more complexity
• The surrounding world is always more complex than the system. vs. The system is always more complex than the surrounding world can grasp
- • You can not observe how I think, • You can only observe how my thoughts contribute to communication
• The more complex the system, the more complexity is able to reduce
• All the systems are in the world
• An observer (a specific system) can from his/her own point of observation observe:
- • The surrounding world, thus other systems • Himself/herself, thus also his own observation (second order observations)
• Whatever is observed, something else could be observed instead – thus observations are contingent.
• Whatever the point of observation, it would have been another point of observation – thus the point of observation is contingent.
• Since observations are contingent and the points of observations likewise are contingent, this relation between the point of observation and the observed is double-contingent. Very complex.
• Foreign complexity can only be reduced by its own complexity
• Foreign reference can only be constructed by self-reference
Main aphorism of system theory
- • Only complexity can reduce complexity • Reduction of complexity will produce more complexity
What are systems?
Psychical systems think – thus operate on the basis of though/consciousness Social systems communicate – thus operate on the basis of comminication
General characteristics for systems Structual determination
- • Closed in regards to the surrounding world • Self-referential in their way of operation • Autopoietic – the system creates their own function
- Auto – self Poiesis – Creation, production
Systems constitute and upload themselves through producingg and maintaining difference to the surrounding world. In other words, they set a boundary between system and the surrounding world.
How does a system create relatations to the surrounding world, when nothing from the surrounding world enters the system and v ice versa and the distinction between the system and the surrounding world is an autopoietic operation?
Opeative Closure and Structural Coupling
The answer to the question is that the realtion is deteminded by Operative Closure and Structural Coupling.
• Operative Closure
- Closed Self referential Autopoietic
• Structural Coupling
- The surrounding world provides:
- Disturbance, perturbation, irritation, noise erc.
• Interdenpendancy
- The different systems are thus selectively dependant on eachother
• Interpenetration
- The systems disturb eachother – they interpenetrate but without overleaping eachother.
Selection as reductionof complexity Different kinds of systems make selection on different basic
- • Psychical
- Consciousness/thinking
- Communication
Psychical systems and reduction of complexity
Consciousness – psychical operation The psychical system is to be understood as the conscious mind Thoughts produce thoughts Brain and the conscious mind:
- • The brain – a living organism (organic system) • Thus not a psychical system • Structually coupled with other organic systems within the body: The nervous system.
(Rest of slide must be added)
Social systems and reduction of complexity
Communication = social operation 3 Selections
- • Information • Utterance • Selective understanding/misunderstanding/non-understading
Sometimes a fouth is mentioned (control of understanding)
- • This is basically just further communication (the three steps repeated)
The selections are produced by communication itself Luhmann aphorisms:
- • Only communication can communicate. • Humans can not communicate, not even their brains can communicate, not even their conscious minds can communicate
(How can the mind participate in communication? In Racsch, W – Theories of distinction, p. 169)
How can social systems commnicate?
When a system meet a disturbance, the system needs to make a selection (find a solution). By making that slection you volunteer to reduce the complexity in that communication.
Different social systems – communication
Communication and Medium
Psychical and social systems use mediums for their autopoietic
Different kinds of social systems:
- • Interaction • Society system (ultimatly the world society)
- Analytically: Functionally differentiated societal subsystem
All types of social systems work on the basic of communication, depend on the 3 selections:
- • Selective information • Selective utterance • Selective understanding
Interactions • Constributions form two or more psychical systems • The participants are able to percieve eachother simuntaneoulsy Or rather, the participants are able to percieve each others contribution to communication simultaneously.
• An interaction system emerges. People meet and communicate • It just happens and when it no longer happens the interaction system dissolves (Lack one sentence)
Society systems Segmentary differentiated society systems
- • The most simple for of society • Organized horizontally • Differentiated under the principles: Family, tribes and villages (Deffirent societal segments)
Stratified differentiated society system
- • More complex • Stratification = putting in layers • Organized vertically – hierarchy • Differentiated under the principle of different unequal societal layers/posistions (social classes)
- Societies of Royal Courts and Knights Feudalism
Functionally differentiated societies
- • Modern complex societies • Differentiated inder the principles of functions
ALL THREE TYPES EXIST.
Functionally differentiated society systems - FDSS
• Increased complexity calls for more complex ways of reducing complexity • The need for more complex ways of handling complexity calls for different functions, thereof the name. • FDSSs uses different symbolic generalized mediums in the reduction of complexity • In regards to the medium they furthermore differentiate on the basis of binary codes • In order to reflect this, the complexity is furthermore reduced by different reflection programs:
CODE AND REFLECTION PROGRAMS (GET FROM SLIDE)
Social system Medium Code Relection Program Religion Truth/faith Immanence/Transcendence Theology Economy Money Payment/Profit Prices/Costs/Accounting
Function, contribution and institutionalization • FDSSs have different functions • They make contribtion to society in different ways • They institutionalize in different ways (GET OVERVIEW FORM SLIDE)
Social system Function Contribution Institutionalisation Economy Shortage reduction Satisfaction of needs Companies Religion Handling of contingency Deacony Chuches, mosque etc
Organizations and leadership
Organizations
Makes the distinction to the surrounding world in a different way than interaction system and FDSS A spesific social system Replaces the external dependencies on internal dependencies which the organization produces itself. It makes its own conditions for
- • Membership
- Spesific conditions for inclusion or exclusion
- Decisions are based on the self referential and autopoietic conditions constructed as a result of the specific self- inderstanding of the organization.
- Spesific rules, conditions, membership cirteria etc.
This provides particular structures of expectation, which helps reducing complexity, iternally and externally.
- • Expect your audience • It reduces the amount of uncertainty in communication, a spesific way of dealing with double-contingency
The organization is nor entirely insensitive to foreign disturbance (pertubation)
- • Can be dusturbed by different FDSS
The identity of the organization is challenged by internal and external disturbance. And it takes ongoing decisions and negotiations to keep up the identity – a complexity which again shapes identity. (Negotiate forth your reality in communication with others – Ouafa Rian)
Leadership (Frank Agerholm thoughs) Segemtary
- • Horisontal, but no unified formalized leadership • Differents segments have different leaders:
- The father in the family The counsil of Elders The chief in a tribe
Stratified
- • A formalized way of executing leadership • Vertically formalized and unified leadership
- A king A dictator Legitimate decision making solely rests on the leader
Functionally differentiated
- • Leadership is based on functional differentiation rather than personification • More important WHAT is communicated than WHO contributes to communication • Leadership becomes a way of contributing to the communication that is needed to get the job done. • Leadership is conceptualized polyscentric (from multiple points of view) • Leadership is not a leader, but rather the leading of communication (not only reserved to the leader)
- Accepting or rejecting commnication in regards to: medium, code, reflection program, function, contribution and institution.
ALL THREE EXIST TODAY – WHICH ONE DESCRIBES YOU?
Edit conflict - your version:
Systemic Thinking By Ouafa Rian www.rian.dk
Draft from PART I: Heading towards something we don’t control We make up our own mind about what is happening around us. Every action has a reaction – both on a individual level, as well as collective level.
PART II (13.00-15.45) Natural laws Is religion a natural law? If yes, how does that affect our Western society?
Linear versus circular
Spirituality in an intellectual frame Does the abstract need to become concrete to be real?
Many underlying laws – when does an assumed rule become truth?
Delete all absolutes (movement from 1960-70’s) – Jungian archetypes Faith, truth, belief Choice – making a choice is a hunt for the truth
Is truth an absolute? Negotiate for truth, or at least a shared truth, an experience of the world
Living systems (F. Capra) Conditions to determine whether a system is a living system
• Network A pattern of organization that is a self creating, self maintaining and self renewing network of relation in which each of the parts in ht system is there to take part in creation, maintenance and renewing of other parts in the system.
• Dissipative structure (flow) The network of relation is embodied in a physical structure that upholds its form by a constant flow of energy and matter through and in the physical structure.
• Life process (bringing forth the world) The ongoing embodiment into physical structure happen by a life process which the living system interacts with its environment. In that process the living system creates its interior world view.
Understand the self organization of a living system by: The Core of self/identity around which the system organize itself. What gives a human identity can be translated into identity-material for an organization.
The Network of relations that builds up: Unpredictable possibilities of correlation is “good”
- of differences is “good”
The Flow of Information that happens. To give and take information is a question of attitude.
• Need to know versus Nice to know - also a question of attitude. • Unpredictability and differences is good.
Levers for supporting self organization in a living system The possibility to self-organize in complex and dynamic systems is there, you can either impede it or support it. Make the network of relations rich and diverse Enable: Flow of information
- A give or take atmosphere A need-to-know and nice-to-know environment A notion that unpredictability and differences is good
Create or sustain the core identity
Non-linearity Networks, projects, humans, learning, knowledge, multi-culturality, processes, relations, economy, markets etc. These are all emergence of things not predictable. As chaos, these events don’t happen randomly, but they are impossible to predict.
The language of living systems • Complexity: Many-folded, compound. • Dynamic: Changeable, moveable. • Chaos: Unpredictable, yet not random, yet not coincidental states occurring in the system. • Self organization: The system displays the ability to do/create those circumstances by itself. • Network: A structure for organizing, from where you can get at any other point to another at any time. • Dissipative structure: Flow. • Non-linearity: No a one-to-one relation. • Emergence: When parts get complex enough, conditions occur that were unpredictable when focusing on the parts. • A system: Wholeness of parts constituting the system and thereby bring forth a united functionality. Remember: If we change the language, we change the world
Ebbe Lundgård, COOP Norden and former Miniter of Culture
Leadership from a personal persepctive By Ebbe Lundgård
Agenda: • Intro • Experience • Structures • Change as a leader • Leadership background • Basic preconditions • Informal
Introduction • Leadership is a about excerting power. • “There is no gathering word for power” – århusian philosopher
• Power is dependend on a audience - it has to be excerted
• Democracy is by now the best solution to excert power
• You should be proud to be leader.
Experience Has been a leader in some situation or other since highschool • Earned lieutenant status in the military, then worked in the royal guard. Wanted to be the one to give orders, not taken them • University in Copenhagen – chairman of the committee for the youth rebellion. • Folkhigh teacher, while teaching at the university • Principle at a folkhigh school • Director of assosiation of folkhigh schools • Chairman of the association of cosumer products in Copenhagen (FDB) • Political career – former Danish minister of Culture
Structures of leadership
Pyramid structure/top down leadership Eg. In the military Take orders from the layer above you, give orders to the ones under you.
The circle structure E.g. in a folkhigh school Discuss, discuss until you reach a solution Involve everybody Somebody that has the responsibility – but still having to share all decisions Majority rule/or strongest voice rule.
The square structure E.g. in politics Convince, negotiation & involving others to make others see what your agenda is. Then you take a decision By counting up the different votes, you see whether your decision is accepted or not.
Change Leadership is about change. You have to adapt to change or trigger the change Change it itself is of no vlaue. It has to happen for a reason and that reason you have to share with the ones you are a leader for.
8 pre-conditions for change • Necessity The change has to necessary and you have to communicate the necessity to the people you lead
• Coalition – you have to form a coalition, you have to know that people with you, an open coalition. But you also need to be aware that somebody won’t be part of it, some people you need to say goodbye to.
• Vision – Strategy (development) The vision is to underline where you want to be in the future, where will want to go. The strategy is the way to reach that goal, a road to the vision made true.
• Storytelling Tell the story to everybody in the organization/company of the change. Meet the people, tell them why it is necessary, and make understand. And improve the story every time you tell it.
• Action When the story has been told, you need to take action. And do something very concrete.
• Low hanging fruits Pick the immediate results from the change. The immediate improvements. Show the a small, concrete advantage to the organization/company.
• Consolidate results (change) This is now how we work, this is how we generate results. And you have legitimate a certain way acting.
• Nailing/anchering This action/this change is now a part of how the organization act, solve and change.
Questions: • Where in this model do we meet the most resistance and change? Inviting people to come with ideas for a vision and strategy – often the leaders end up formulating both because the people of the organization are afraid to contribute, that they have to simple or stupid ideas. But when you get to the storytelling, the people get involved.
• What are the success criterias for creating a vision for a company? It is to get as many people as possible to form/formulate the vision and strategy.
• How do we deal with passive restistance? What will passive resistance lead to? Insome companies it will end with people being sacked if they are not engaged. But one important questions is: Why are the people passive? Why are they not engaged? Have workshop that “force” the employers to express their feelings. So that you can find out some of they why.
Leadership background Eight kinds of intelligence/abilities • Vision What do you want with your leadership? Is the job just interesting or do you want to move something?
• Communication Communication is key word. You have to be able tell stories to people, inform them. Communicate your thoughts.
• Heart/Passion You need to feel engaged in the job, have a passion and a feel for the job. Or else you become a techincal leader. Not necessarily fruitful in the long run.
• Team building How to build a team? How to create an atmosphere of mutual understanding and trust, a room where people dare to express themselves? But were you still act as the head/captain of the team?
• Preserveance Stayer ability. Do you have the stamina and the will to do what it takes to make something happen?
• Will to listen Do you read the signals, understand and listen to what is said to you? Are you perceptive?
• Social intelligence To be a social person. Understand the way people are together, the social mechanisms underlying our interaction. Be aware of and at least try to understand the cultural differences.
• Diversity Ability and courage to divcersity the group or people you are leading. Don’t make clones, dare to have diversity (background, skills and competences as well as ethnicity and sex)
Basic preconditions 4 basic traits • Knowledge Knowledge about cultural background and general knowledge about life
• Empathy The ability to understand how people react, take their feelings into consideration when making decisions
• Tolerance Open mind/. Open to other peoples opinions and interested in those opinions, not only tolerating other peoples opinions
• Ambition You have to have some wants, ambitions.
Informal qualifications • Know your weaknesses –be aware of how you react in different situations • Control of feelings, have a poker face. Don’t show your immediate dislikes. • Small talk (tend receptions. Hehehe) If the conversation is boring, put on the poker phase
Uffe Elbæk, KP
Leadership from a KaosPilot point of view By Uffe Elbæk
Agenda • Share 6 personal stories from my professional career (1982-2005) • 3 different perspectives on leadership and organization • Introduce 1 to 2 actual projects
Stories and their underlying patterns Story 1 Jimmy Larsen (the star of the circus) – Århus 1982 • Forced to take action and create my own job, if I am to get what I want. • How to work with motivation? Identify strenghts and abilities.
- How to turn the bad energy into a good one? Promised things they wanted (respect, fame)
• Meet the outsider – feel their ambition. • Turn weaknesses into strengths, how to go into problem and find the hidden solution.
- Sometimes by adding humour and irony. Change the mindset the problem.
Story 2 Next Stop Sovjet – 1989 • Frontrunner almost shut down, • Caravans from Danmark to Sovjet – final concert on the Red Square (university) • Do you see any change and power in Sovjet? Yes, but not before 20 years have passed.
- One month later the Berlin Wall came down.
• Do not underrestimate social change • Weak signals. How do we train ourself to listen for the weak signals?
Story 3 Project Kaospilots - Jan 1991 • Econmic crisis for the Frontrunners • What kind of education should we have that could enable us to handle the projects
- we have had and the challenges we have met?
• Who should be the head of the school?
- Uffe imagining: IF I should be the head of the Kaospilot, how should the school be? The vision.
• What motivates us to say yes?
Story 4 Outpost in San Fransisco – 1996 • Meeting with important CEO – meeting failing miserably Why should I listen to you, and your story? Are you aware of the culture in the context you are? Do you know what you ask for? • Tip from VISA founder, 4 simple steps for handling failure. 1. Identify your failure – what went wrong? 2. Take your part of the responsibility for the failure, and know what the 3. What can I learn from this? 4. Do it differently next time
Story 5 Outpost in Durban, South Africa – 2001 • Do we really know where the deep, big change-waves come from?
- Don’t focus on the small waves, but the big ones.
• Political history as a medium • It is very easy to think about/imagine you know a lot, but do you act in the world? • Know all the facts, but you need your heart - Galtung
- Need a good head, brain and hands
• What competences are needed to create results? Story 6 Vigdis Finbonadottir in Reykjavik - 2005 • What kind of culture is created when men are afraid of men?
- What voices are not present/not speaking up when you enter a room? Dynamics between men and between women.
• The many voices in an organization
3 perspectives on leadership/organizational behaviour Reflection 1 – 4 kinds of leadership DRAW FIGURE • Below: Leaders have to be able to move people in a certain direction,
- motivate and inspire people to move. Leadership by motivation, by vision and so on.
• Besides: Peer to peer leadership – partners/collegues • Above: Leadership towards people above you • Myself: Personal leadership
What kind leadership to perfom on people below, besides, above you and at last (not least) how am I leader for myself? The result? A structure were everyone is supporting everyone.
Reflection 2 – Organizational structure at KP You have a structure were everyone is supporting everyone. The Kaospilot is in between this system and the old hierarchical structure. Kaospilot move between the old hierarchical structure, the fishnet and the atomic structure. When are the school supporting itself on what?
Reflection 3 – My vision/our vision • The paradox – My vision/Our vision Uffe: Vision . Strategy . Action plan . Time -> Result Staff: All have their individiual visions and strategies. Understand what motivates me and what motivates members of the staff to work at the Kaospilot. How does this work together? To manage to put the person vision into the collective vision Respect that there is something that is bigger than you. How can you incooperate your vision into a collective vision.
3 important words when we talk about change leadership • Identity • Meaning • Self Control Good leadership in change situation, so that they don’t loose their self-control.
- Listen
One giant Leap project Time, mask, money, confrontation, god, inspiratiomn, sex, death, happy
Ørjan Jensen
How to navigate in organisations By Ørjan Jensen
Litterature Frederick Winslow Taylor Henri Fayol Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne studies/experiments (1927-1932) (Western Electric Hawthorne Works, Chicago) Iben Tranholm - Himmelflugten
Introduction • Military background
- What is teamwork about? What makes people able to work well together?
• The dialectic relationship between theories and practises.
• Learning starting from trying to navigate in the confusion.
- Confusion as a great motivator
• Leadership versus management
- Leadership is about moving people. Management is about supervision, control and direction. And to treat the human resources as one of the many tools. Things that can be managed.
Background • Military • Kaospilot team manager • NLP – Neuro Linguistic Programming – how by changing language, you can change behaviour • Hypno therapist
Elements of leadership Mastery • What kind of expectations do leaders have today?
- These expectations was build in the 90’s. What happened? The word master began to appear the media. What is a master? Mastery? Adds for jobs requested mastery/self-mastery. In time the dominating term was self-mastery as
• Leadership books are talking about self-mastery.
- How do we develop self-mastery in organisations or in leaders.
• People/organizations that master self-mastery are able to lead themselves.
Flexibility • There are questions of quality and demand from people or in organisation. When to be flexible
- and when are you not.
• Not about doing what other people tell you do and accept those missions.
- But rather the ability to change and stay in different situations
• Manouver tactics – if that happens, we do this, but when another thing happens we do that.
- We have different solutions to many different situations. Karl the Great (preussian discipline) First to write about manouver tatics “I didn’t made you major to do as I am doing, but to put you in a position to think”
• Fight the old belief that all challenges can be met with planning.
- The better planning the better the solutions. Rather face the fact that it is impossible to plan everything because the world is unpredictable and always changing.
• Being able to understand other peoples way of thinking as well as your own • Leadership is not about having followers accepting the leaders orders blindly.
- But an aware followship that corrects the leader, shapes the leader and speaks up against the leader if the he/she no longer represent the followship. Change of focus happened end 80’s, beginning 90’s.
Command and Control Leadership (back in fashion) Command and control, telling people what to do and what not do, taking care of them, taking all the reposibility. Controlling if you do your work correctly and controlling/checking if you are feeling ok. Beloved leaders that makes people insecure and passive
Why is this structure unhealthy? People not able to organise, manage themselves.
What is the alternative difficult? The complexity The efficiancy All the employees need to be commited
The caring leader today Make sure that the people are commited and take care of them by isolating the people that disagree/sabotage.
Organisation as an organism
Surveys International companies in the Western countires (Europe and USA) What kind of people do we find in organisation. 10% Self managers, by nature.
- If no challenge, they either change their situation or quit. Take the initative to manouver the situation High turnover
60% Reactive Want to change, but have to be activated to change.
- Be flexible for new thing, for change.
30% Blocked The more you try to involve them, change them, the more they block themselves out/in
- Negative, destructive for many. Stayers, spending an lifetime in an organisation.
The last 30% gets the most attention. 90% of the resources. And they will be the people that are fired in the future.
University students 3% of the students starting at the university have a goal with their education. A plan.
Navigate in organisations • No one is holding the truth, because there is no truth. • Map the territory (prejects; revealing the intentions and points of view)
- Adjust the map, not the terrritory you are mapping. A map constantly being revised.
• Flexibitlity is about accepting that the map is not the territtory.
- Know that your map is based on your perception, it is not the truth. Understand other peoples maps, make a map that fit into other peoples map.
- In an organisation there are as many maps as there are individual. How do we combine them?
Types of manouvering • Trip on a boat – looking through the back window.
- Not steering, but observation what you liked and didn’t like
• Look at future, what do I want, what to happen, where do I want to go. Find a strategy in for
- getting there. And be willing to change strategies if that one you are using isn’t taking you there.
Learning Classic definition of learning: Relatively lasting change of behaviour Modern definition of learning: Learning is a change of action and thinking
Wrap-up Exercise: Rub your hands together until they get warm. Fold your hands and see what thumb is on top. Rub your hands together again. This time let the other tumb be on top. (Ref. Ketan’s exercise on our resistance to change)
Navigate yourself through life in organisations towards a goal. Remember to not be afraid to change the goal.
New disease: Being burned out People with no goals, no ambition and either not knowing what they want or wanting nothing. Our way of thinking is affection our body to a large extent. Placebo affect – self-healing Self-fulfilling prophecies
Stability versus change 80% want more of the same, only 20% look for new things/welcome change.
Questions • What is my goal with being here? What is the motivation for my actions. • Is it good enough to be the person who feels how she resists change, but still does it?
- Or it is better if you hunger for change? So that when something new happens, then you immediately make use of it and replace something old.
Frank Aggerholm, Danish University of Education
An academic introduction systemic thinking and communication By Frank Agerholm
Def. Kaospilot Navigate in chaos Reduce complexity
Main focus 1. Overall introduction to Niklas Luhmann system theory 2. Different kinds of social systems – different kinds of communication 3. Organizations and a perspective on leadership 4. Questions, discussion and/or reflection
Complexity
- Multiplicity and variety E.g. Development of the m modern society Complex versus complexity
Main points/presumptions in the system theory
• You cannot fight complexity E.g. the founding of a grass root organization with the proclaimed aim to fight complexity would itself just produce more complexity
• The surrounding world is always more complex than the system. vs. The system is always more complex than the surrounding world can grasp
- • You can not observe how I think, • You can only observe how my thoughts contribute to communication
• The more complex the system, the more complexity is able to reduce
• All the systems are in the world
• An observer (a specific system) can from his/her own point of observation observe:
- • The surrounding world, thus other systems • Himself/herself, thus also his own observation (second order observations)
• Whatever is observed, something else could be observed instead – thus observations are contingent.
• Whatever the point of observation, it would have been another point of observation – thus the point of observation is contingent.
• Since observations are contingent and the points of observations likewise are contingent, this relation between the point of observation and the observed is double-contingent. Very complex.
• Foreign complexity can only be reduced by its own complexity
• Foreign reference can only be constructed by self-reference
Main aphorism of system theory
- • Only complexity can reduce complexity • Reduction of complexity will produce more complexity
What are systems?
Psychical systems think – thus operate on the basis of though/consciousness Social systems communicate – thus operate on the basis of comminication
General characteristics for systems Structual determination
- • Closed in regards to the surrounding world • Self-referential in their way of operation • Autopoietic – the system creates their own function
- Auto – self Poiesis – Creation, production
Systems constitute and upload themselves through producingg and maintaining difference to the surrounding world. In other words, they set a boundary between system and the surrounding world.
How does a system create relatations to the surrounding world, when nothing from the surrounding world enters the system and v ice versa and the distinction between the system and the surrounding world is an autopoietic operation?
Opeative Closure and Structural Coupling
The answer to the question is that the realtion is deteminded by Operative Closure and Structural Coupling.
• Operative Closure
- Closed Self referential Autopoietic
• Structural Coupling
- The surrounding world provides:
- Disturbance, perturbation, irritation, noise erc.
• Interdenpendancy
- The different systems are thus selectively dependant on eachother
• Interpenetration
- The systems disturb eachother – they interpenetrate but without overleaping eachother.
Selection as reductionof complexity Different kinds of systems make selection on different basic
- • Psychical
- Consciousness/thinking
- Communication
Psychical systems and reduction of complexity
Consciousness – psychical operation The psychical system is to be understood as the conscious mind Thoughts produce thoughts Brain and the conscious mind:
- • The brain – a living organism (organic system) • Thus not a psychical system • Structually coupled with other organic systems within the body: The nervous system.
(Rest of slide must be added)
Social systems and reduction of complexity
Communication = social operation 3 Selections
- • Information • Utterance • Selective understanding/misunderstanding/non-understading
Sometimes a fouth is mentioned (control of understanding)
- • This is basically just further communication (the three steps repeated)
The selections are produced by communication itself Luhmann aphorisms:
- • Only communication can communicate. • Humans can not communicate, not even their brains can communicate, not even their conscious minds can communicate
(How can the mind participate in communication? In Racsch, W – Theories of distinction, p. 169)
How can social systems commnicate?
When a system meet a disturbance, the system needs to make a selection (find a solution). By making that slection you volunteer to reduce the complexity in that communication.
Different social systems – communication
Communication and Medium
Psychical and social systems use mediums for their autopoietic
Different kinds of social systems:
- • Interaction • Society system (ultimatly the world society)
- Analytically: Functionally differentiated societal subsystem
All types of social systems work on the basic of communication, depend on the 3 selections:
- • Selective information • Selective utterance • Selective understanding
Interactions • Constributions form two or more psychical systems • The participants are able to percieve eachother simuntaneoulsy Or rather, the participants are able to percieve each others contribution to communication simultaneously.
• An interaction system emerges. People meet and communicate • It just happens and when it no longer happens the interaction system dissolves (Lack one sentence)
Society systems Segmentary differentiated society systems
- • The most simple for of society • Organized horizontally • Differentiated under the principles: Family, tribes and villages (Deffirent societal segments)
Stratified differentiated society system
- • More complex • Stratification = putting in layers • Organized vertically – hierarchy • Differentiated under the principle of different unequal societal layers/posistions (social classes)
- Societies of Royal Courts and Knights Feudalism
Functionally differentiated societies
- • Modern complex societies • Differentiated inder the principles of functions
ALL THREE TYPES EXIST.
Functionally differentiated society systems - FDSS
• Increased complexity calls for more complex ways of reducing complexity • The need for more complex ways of handling complexity calls for different functions, thereof the name. • FDSSs uses different symbolic generalized mediums in the reduction of complexity • In regards to the medium they furthermore differentiate on the basis of binary codes • In order to reflect this, the complexity is furthermore reduced by different reflection programs:
CODE AND REFLECTION PROGRAMS (GET FROM SLIDE)
Social system Medium Code Relection Program Religion Truth/faith Immanence/Transcendence Theology Economy Money Payment/Profit Prices/Costs/Accounting
Function, contribution and institutionalization • FDSSs have different functions • They make contribtion to society in different ways • They institutionalize in different ways (GET OVERVIEW FORM SLIDE)
Social system Function Contribution Institutionalisation Economy Shortage reduction Satisfaction of needs Companies Religion Handling of contingency Deacony Chuches, mosque etc
Organizations and leadership
Organizations
Makes the distinction to the surrounding world in a different way than interaction system and FDSS A spesific social system Replaces the external dependencies on internal dependencies which the organization produces itself. It makes its own conditions for
- • Membership
- Spesific conditions for inclusion or exclusion
- Decisions are based on the self referential and autopoietic conditions constructed as a result of the specific self- inderstanding of the organization.
- Spesific rules, conditions, membership cirteria etc.
This provides particular structures of expectation, which helps reducing complexity, iternally and externally.
- • Expect your audience • It reduces the amount of uncertainty in communication, a spesific way of dealing with double-contingency
The organization is nor entirely insensitive to foreign disturbance (pertubation)
- • Can be dusturbed by different FDSS
The identity of the organization is challenged by internal and external disturbance. And it takes ongoing decisions and negotiations to keep up the identity – a complexity which again shapes identity. (Negotiate forth your reality in communication with others – Ouafa Rian)
Leadership (Frank Agerholm thoughs) Segemtary
- • Horisontal, but no unified formalized leadership • Differents segments have different leaders:
- The father in the family The counsil of Elders The chief in a tribe
Stratified
- • A formalized way of executing leadership • Vertically formalized and unified leadership
- A king A dictator Legitimate decision making solely rests on the leader
Functionally differentiated
- • Leadership is based on functional differentiation rather than personification • More important WHAT is communicated than WHO contributes to communication • Leadership becomes a way of contributing to the communication that is needed to get the job done. • Leadership is conceptualized polyscentric (from multiple points of view) • Leadership is not a leader, but rather the leading of communication (not only reserved to the leader)
- Accepting or rejecting commnication in regards to: medium, code, reflection program, function, contribution and institution.
ALL THREE EXIST TODAY – WHICH ONE DESCRIBES YOU?
End of edit conflict
Johan Galtung, Founder of The International Peace Research Institute
Laila Wodke Nissen, Physical Trainer
Syllabus for KaosPilots team 12 Autumn 2005
Focus on the body 3 modules for each group of team 12 (divided in two groups)
You will work with the basic understanding of body-awareness and how to use the sensing body as an active tool in your daily life, in your relationships, work, choice-making and well-being. We will be using methods from the Martial arts, free dancing, Body Awareness Therapy, theatre etc.
Schedule Wednesday 26th October/ 2nd November
- - Basic understanding of body-axes and –support. - Mental and physical presence. - Understanding of connections between physical and mental processes.
Wednesday 9th November/ 23rd November
- - Delimitations/borders, embodiment of core-feeling and centre. - Understanding of connections between physical and mental processes continued - To navigate in chaos.
Wednesday 30th November/ 7th December
- - Your own power: balancing between taking action and being receptive. - Ability to stay “at home”, when in contact with others.
In general It is crucial that you participate in all three modules in order to understand your own process-work. Wear clothes you can move and sweat in, we are going to dance, play and move. Bring a bottle of water.
I am looking forward to work with you.
Best regards Laila Wodtke Nissen HumanMove ~moving people www.humanmove.dk info@humanmove.dk
Edit conflict - other version:
Syllabus for KaosPilots team 12 Autumn 2005
Focus on the body 3 modules for each group of team 12 (divided in two groups)
You will work with the basic understanding of body-awareness and how to use the sensing body as an active tool in your daily life, in your relationships, work, choice-making and well-being. We will be using methods from the Martial arts, free dancing, Body Awareness Therapy, theatre etc.
Schedule Wednesday 26th October/ 2nd November
- - Basic understanding of body-axes and –support. - Mental and physical presence. - Understanding of connections between physical and mental processes.
Wednesday 9th November/ 23rd November
- - Delimitations/borders, embodiment of core-feeling and centre. - Understanding of connections between physical and mental processes continued - To navigate in chaos.
Wednesday 30th November/ 7th December
- - Your own power: balancing between taking action and being receptive. - Ability to stay “at home”, when in contact with others.
In general It is crucial that you participate in all three modules in order to understand your own process-work. Wear clothes you can move and sweat in, we are going to dance, play and move. Bring a bottle of water.
I am looking forward to work with you.
Best regards Laila Wodtke Nissen HumanMove ~moving people www.humanmove.dk info@humanmove.dk
Edit conflict - your version:
End of edit conflict
Week 45
Marketing and Branding
Kasper Arentoft, Learning Zone KP
Dag Ingefjeld
Marketing and Branding By Dag Inge Fjeld
DAY 1
Focus groups - Experts versus the thoughts of the ordinary man
Advertising/PR/Events When advertising focus on:
- Heavy users – loyal, spent a lot of money
Medium users should be try Don’t refer to the segment that is uninterested in your product. If you want to recruit these constumers you use PR/event, not advertising.
Businesses are motivated by an attack, offence. Forget inner strife in the organisation.
Marketing and branding 3 building blocks: • Positioning: How to differentiate yourself in the mind of your prospect • Consumer insight • Communication strategy
Positioning New products: Looks strange in the beginning, but after a while we get used to it – resistance to change. They have to be different.
Consumer insight Love your constumers “Fashion becomes unfashionable when the wrong people understand the code” Lifestyle is relational, brands are relational. Know your costumers, conceptualize a brand into their lifestyle
Communication strategies Start-ups brings innovation, brings competition versus large, maintenance companies (with branches). The smaller compines are easier to move, they are more aggressive and you often communicate with the founder. The result is that these companies almost always get/have better communication strategies
Persuadability Brand-maintenance
- Use the arguments that the heavy users can relate to Confirm the consumers belief (positive)
Copy writer (good at social interactions) “Advertising can persuade by relating to how the world is viewed through the eyes of the target group”
Premises Motivational insight on the target group Why do people dress, live, eat, decorate their homes as they do? People don’t talk about what motivates them. But you can see patterns/structures when you see how a person decorate their home or raise their children. People are here telling their story of their life. What is the narrative of their lifes? That is what motivates them to different actions. You have to have a brand that is not in conflict with that narrative.
Articulating your message Put your brand into their world view/local view, by referring to it. Position your message according to the clients wishes (Synnøve Finden or Tine)
Henrik Dahl – Hvis din nabo var en bil “There are as many narratives that there are political parties”
Dramatizing your message (Cult status of products: technological inferior, but still great sales. E.g. The Beetle)
Dramatizing the consumer benefit. • Advertising is not only about humor & entertainment. Entertaining advertisments doesn’t secure a sale. • Reason why-advertising
- Show the possible benefits of the product, not the disadvanges the with exisiting products of the past.
• Customers giving hard facts as reason for buying a product. • Brands turn into functional products when the products are no longer visible for an audience.
- The product doesn’t identify you as a costumer. This especially goes for some products.
• Becoming visible to the consumer, even though you are not visible (hardware, underwear) • Being the opposite to what is expected. (E.g. Jack in the Box) --- “Culture eats strategy for breakfast if you don’t have an organisational culture to endorse it.”
Conglomerates are slow, internally struggling because of all the different branches. Often not very profitable. A solution is “a house of brands” – different identities (E.g. Apple) A name has to stand for something, it can’t stand for everything. That is not trustworthy. (Exceptions Virgin, General Electric)
Jack Welch – Winning
---
Content and Form (appearance) The visual in building a brand: • Spokesperson You need a spokesperson or a usergroup for the product, or else it is almost impossible to position. Create ethos/credibility
• Communication Everythig communicates: Clothing, interior, logos, color (blue, red, black), body language (Advertising agencies functions as casting agencies). Must confirm archetypes, can’t go against it. Important to stick to what you are known for, what you are good at. Every that can talk, is talking. People are interested in phenomena.
Erving Goffman - http://www.blackwood.org/Erving.htm
History of big/strong brands Why are they successful? • Consistance behaviour over time
- Coca Cola story When meeting competition, they create similar product with a separate identity. Distribution (within arms reach no matter where you are in the world) Levis Should have been prepared/accept to loose the youth segment. Respect the culture. Don’t turn into the opponent, Diesel and its culture
• Been the first in one category. Small category at that time
- Creative thinkers Innovators Eccentric visionaries
• Build as a category through PR (position product) • Communicate leadership through advertising and events (brand-maintenance)
PR to spell out what this new thing is. Or to create a spin on what this new thing is.
“Think category first, brand second. Unless you can define a new brand in terms of a new category, the new brand is unlikely to be successful.” Al Ries and Laura Ries - The origin of brands
Use of music in advertising • Must fit with the message/brand • Brand recognision, song assosiated with brand • Re-introduce an old song and sell it together with concept/brand
But be aware of the fact the music assosiation, it might be a wrong assosiation.
Product placement Get inside the program as the advertising spot between shows is getting less attractive. Product placement is illegal in EU versus Hollywood You are allowed to introduce a product in a show, if you don’t pay for it. But you can for advertising before and after the show (as a way of compensating)
Lights, cameras, brands
Build in your product in a show.
Branding characters – George – Larry Davis “Curb your enthusiasm” – the series
Case study Edward Bernays (1891-1995) Inventor of the PR-industry. Nephew of Sigmund Freund. First one to manipulate the press. Positioning products along the lines of the subconscious. Larry Tye - The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and The Birth of Public Relations Spin (how to spin a story, twist it, create a certain angle) Torches of Freedom march – women smoking sigarettes in the street , 31. March 1929
DAY 2
Principles in business • Being a specialist (business, sport), not a generalist • Being the first “in mind” Not necessarily first in market, but the first thing people think of when describing a category (MP3=iPod) People love new, but it is about perception, not the product.
- Relate to categories, be the first to set up the category.
• Defining a category
- If you can be the first in mind in a category, create a new market, define a new category.
Usergroups Heavy users – medium users: Keep them happy 20% of the customers stands for 80% of the profit. Keep them happy Accept and respect your fanbase, and that some people will never like your product. Don’t use advertising money on people that don’t buy your product. If you want to change their behaviour, use PR
PR Press stories: E.g Journalist describing your product in a feature way
Competetive strategies Strength in a weakness: Find and explore the strength and use it Touch base, get people to see these obvious strengths in a new way.
Weakness in a strength: Always a weakness in strength Polarising when exploring weaknesses in stength (E.g The Economist making a cover story were they explore why they predicted wrong about oil prices.)
(Karl Rove – strategist for Bush-boys) Cinderella story (the beauty, the willing person that is left out, placed in the shadow. People’s symphaty)
Monopolies versus challengers Differentiate yourself from the other challengers (E.g. Hertz versus Avis) People like to choose between two. Better to be number to in one category, than number one in a small category Remember that customers like the role of the challenger, be careful not to overrule that opinion.
A bordieu approach to consumer insight Pierre Bourdieu – La dinstinction (french sosiologist)
Why would someone buy a Rolex when a Swatch is more accurate? Why would someone given a Rolex choose not to use it? To understand this we must look at the person as a whole, his/her background and the environment he/she is functioning in.
Bourdieu critique of Kant’s philosophy of estetics that taste in art is not about being emotionally aroused, but intellectually challenged.
Sosioraster
Litterature: Positioning – Al Ries, Jack Trout (classic, buy the 20 year anniversary version) Marketing Warfare – Al Ries, Jack Trout (Using Art of War, Karl von Clausewitz quotes on war, in the marketing world) The Origin of Brands – Al Ries and Laura Ries The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and The Birth of Public Relations – Larry Tye Winning – Jack Welch Hvis din nabo var en bil – Henrik Dahl (lifestyle, written upon Bordieu) La dinstinction (1979) – Pierre Bourdieu (french sociologist) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (1984) – english translation
Branding
• Private verus public sevices. Brands have value only where consumers have choice
• Consumer trust is the basis of all brand values
• Change: Customers pay more for a brand because it seems to represent a way of life or a set of ideas. Emotional needs as well as their consumer desire.
• Branding as storytelling. Stories consumers buy.
• Brands give protestors of branding far more power over companies than they would otherwise have.
Protestor view • Companies are switching from producing products to marketing aspirations, images and lifestyles • Move of production from first world to third world contries
Clarifications • Consumers will tolerate a lousy product for far longer than they will tolerate a lousy lifestyle.
• Next thing in brands is sosial responsibility
Edit conflict - other version:
Marketing and Branding By Dag Inge Fjeld
DAY 1
Focus groups - Experts versus the thoughts of the ordinary man
Advertising/PR/Events When advertising focus on:
- Heavy users – loyal, spent a lot of money
Medium users should be try Don’t refer to the segment that is uninterested in your product. If you want to recruit these constumers you use PR/event, not advertising.
Businesses are motivated by an attack, offence. Forget inner strife in the organisation.
Marketing and branding 3 building blocks: • Positioning: How to differentiate yourself in the mind of your prospect • Consumer insight • Communication strategy
Positioning New products: Looks strange in the beginning, but after a while we get used to it – resistance to change. They have to be different.
Consumer insight Love your constumers “Fashion becomes unfashionable when the wrong people understand the code” Lifestyle is relational, brands are relational. Know your costumers, conceptualize a brand into their lifestyle
Communication strategies Start-ups brings innovation, brings competition versus large, maintenance companies (with branches). The smaller compines are easier to move, they are more aggressive and you often communicate with the founder. The result is that these companies almost always get/have better communication strategies
Persuadability Brand-maintenance
- Use the arguments that the heavy users can relate to Confirm the consumers belief (positive)
Copy writer (good at social interactions) “Advertising can persuade by relating to how the world is viewed through the eyes of the target group”
Premises Motivational insight on the target group Why do people dress, live, eat, decorate their homes as they do? People don’t talk about what motivates them. But you can see patterns/structures when you see how a person decorate their home or raise their children. People are here telling their story of their life. What is the narrative of their lifes? That is what motivates them to different actions. You have to have a brand that is not in conflict with that narrative.
Articulating your message Put your brand into their world view/local view, by referring to it. Position your message according to the clients wishes (Synnøve Finden or Tine)
Henrik Dahl – Hvis din nabo var en bil “There are as many narratives that there are political parties”
Dramatizing your message (Cult status of products: technological inferior, but still great sales. E.g. The Beetle)
Dramatizing the consumer benefit. • Advertising is not only about humor & entertainment. Entertaining advertisments doesn’t secure a sale. • Reason why-advertising
- Show the possible benefits of the product, not the disadvanges the with exisiting products of the past.
• Customers giving hard facts as reason for buying a product. • Brands turn into functional products when the products are no longer visible for an audience.
- The product doesn’t identify you as a costumer. This especially goes for some products.
• Becoming visible to the consumer, even though you are not visible (hardware, underwear) • Being the opposite to what is expected. (E.g. Jack in the Box) --- “Culture eats strategy for breakfast if you don’t have an organisational culture to endorse it.”
Conglomerates are slow, internally struggling because of all the different branches. Often not very profitable. A solution is “a house of brands” – different identities (E.g. Apple) A name has to stand for something, it can’t stand for everything. That is not trustworthy. (Exceptions Virgin, General Electric)
Jack Welch – Winning
---
Content and Form (appearance) The visual in building a brand: • Spokesperson You need a spokesperson or a usergroup for the product, or else it is almost impossible to position. Create ethos/credibility
• Communication Everythig communicates: Clothing, interior, logos, color (blue, red, black), body language (Advertising agencies functions as casting agencies). Must confirm archetypes, can’t go against it. Important to stick to what you are known for, what you are good at. Every that can talk, is talking. People are interested in phenomena.
Erving Goffman - http://www.blackwood.org/Erving.htm
History of big/strong brands Why are they successful? • Consistance behaviour over time
- Coca Cola story When meeting competition, they create similar product with a separate identity. Distribution (within arms reach no matter where you are in the world) Levis Should have been prepared/accept to loose the youth segment. Respect the culture. Don’t turn into the opponent, Diesel and its culture
• Been the first in one category. Small category at that time
- Creative thinkers Innovators Eccentric visionaries
• Build as a category through PR (position product) • Communicate leadership through advertising and events (brand-maintenance)
PR to spell out what this new thing is. Or to create a spin on what this new thing is.
“Think category first, brand second. Unless you can define a new brand in terms of a new category, the new brand is unlikely to be successful.” Al Ries and Laura Ries - The origin of brands
Use of music in advertising • Must fit with the message/brand • Brand recognision, song assosiated with brand • Re-introduce an old song and sell it together with concept/brand
But be aware of the fact the music assosiation, it might be a wrong assosiation.
Product placement Get inside the program as the advertising spot between shows is getting less attractive. Product placement is illegal in EU versus Hollywood You are allowed to introduce a product in a show, if you don’t pay for it. But you can for advertising before and after the show (as a way of compensating)
Lights, cameras, brands
Build in your product in a show.
Branding characters – George – Larry Davis “Curb your enthusiasm” – the series
Case study Edward Bernays (1891-1995) Inventor of the PR-industry. Nephew of Sigmund Freund. First one to manipulate the press. Positioning products along the lines of the subconscious. Larry Tye - The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and The Birth of Public Relations Spin (how to spin a story, twist it, create a certain angle) Torches of Freedom march – women smoking sigarettes in the street , 31. March 1929
DAY 2
Principles in business • Being a specialist (business, sport), not a generalist • Being the first “in mind” Not necessarily first in market, but the first thing people think of when describing a category (MP3=iPod) People love new, but it is about perception, not the product.
- Relate to categories, be the first to set up the category.
• Defining a category
- If you can be the first in mind in a category, create a new market, define a new category.
Usergroups Heavy users – medium users: Keep them happy 20% of the customers stands for 80% of the profit. Keep them happy Accept and respect your fanbase, and that some people will never like your product. Don’t use advertising money on people that don’t buy your product. If you want to change their behaviour, use PR
PR Press stories: E.g Journalist describing your product in a feature way
Competetive strategies Strength in a weakness: Find and explore the strength and use it Touch base, get people to see these obvious strengths in a new way.
Weakness in a strength: Always a weakness in strength Polarising when exploring weaknesses in stength (E.g The Economist making a cover story were they explore why they predicted wrong about oil prices.)
(Karl Rove – strategist for Bush-boys) Cinderella story (the beauty, the willing person that is left out, placed in the shadow. People’s symphaty)
Monopolies versus challengers Differentiate yourself from the other challengers (E.g. Hertz versus Avis) People like to choose between two. Better to be number to in one category, than number one in a small category Remember that customers like the role of the challenger, be careful not to overrule that opinion.
A bordieu approach to consumer insight Pierre Bourdieu – La dinstinction (french sosiologist)
Why would someone buy a Rolex when a Swatch is more accurate? Why would someone given a Rolex choose not to use it? To understand this we must look at the person as a whole, his/her background and the environment he/she is functioning in.
Bourdieu critique of Kant’s philosophy of estetics that taste in art is not about being emotionally aroused, but intellectually challenged.
Sosioraster
Litterature: Positioning – Al Ries, Jack Trout (classic, buy the 20 year anniversary version) Marketing Warfare – Al Ries, Jack Trout (Using Art of War, Karl von Clausewitz quotes on war, in the marketing world) The Origin of Brands – Al Ries and Laura Ries The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and The Birth of Public Relations – Larry Tye Winning – Jack Welch Hvis din nabo var en bil – Henrik Dahl (lifestyle, written upon Bordieu) La dinstinction (1979) – Pierre Bourdieu (french sociologist) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (1984) – english translation
Branding
• Private verus public sevices. Brands have value only where consumers have choice
• Consumer trust is the basis of all brand values
• Change: Customers pay more for a brand because it seems to represent a way of life or a set of ideas. Emotional needs as well as their consumer desire.
• Branding as storytelling. Stories consumers buy.
• Brands give protestors of branding far more power over companies than they would otherwise have.
Protestor view • Companies are switching from producing products to marketing aspirations, images and lifestyles • Move of production from first world to third world contries
Clarifications • Consumers will tolerate a lousy product for far longer than they will tolerate a lousy lifestyle.
• Next thing in brands is sosial responsibility
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Wekk 46
Marketing and Branding
Synnøve Finden Workshop
Process with Team 1 Norway
Wekk 47
Marketing and Branding
Group Work
Wekk 48
Marketing and Branding
Group Work
Wekk 49
Marketing and Branding
Group Work
Wekk 50
First Semester Evaluation
Evaluation on Group Projects, Kasper Arentoft
Evaluation of Trip to Norway, Gry Guldberg