Milestones in Cuban History
-please contribute with changes
1902 Independence from Spain. Still under influence of USA.
1903 USA takes control over Guantánamo.
1924 Gerardo Machado is elected for president and kind of functions like a dictator.
1940 Fulgencio Batista take control. It happens by a military coup.
1944 Batista becomes president.
1952 The constitution is set out of function as the result of a coup staged by Batista.
1953 The Moncado-barrack is attacked. Castro is in charge. the mision fails.
1955 Batista releases Castro, who goes to Mexico.
1956 On the ship "Granma", joint by 81 other revolutionaries, Castro sails back to Cuba. They arrive in eastern Cuba. They make partisan-war from Sierra Maestre, and is joint by many Batista critics.
1959 Batista fleas from Havana and the army surender. The revolutionairies moves in to Havana. Implimentation of among other things agricultural-reform.
1960 Cuba nationalize american firms and property. USA answers back by a trade-boycutt of Cuba.
1961 USA surported exile-cubans goes to shore in bay of pigs. The invasion fails. Fidel declares himself socialist and introduce a marxistic republic. He gets surport from the Sovjet union.
1962 The Cuba crisis. The Sovjet union sets up atomic weapons in Cuba. Cubas interrest is to have a better deffens for an other US-attack. The Sovjet union still doesn't have as good long distance weapons as US. And US have a base in turkey. If the balance should be even between the two, Sovjet must get closer. Us boycutts Cuba. 3 days after Khrusjtjëv sends a letter for Kennedy saying that Sovjet will withdraw, if US agrees not to attack Cuba. US agrees. But bans all trade with Cuba. (read more: "historie opgave" at the bottom)
1963 New reform for the agriculture results in that only smaller farm can be privately owned.
1964 Cuba is exluded from OAS (Oganization of American States). Only Mexico maintains connection with Cuba.
1965 All revolutionaries parties combines themselfes in the PCC (Patido de Comunista de Cuba). Che Guevara resines his position as minister of industri and returns to guerilla warfare.
1967 Che Guevara is executed in Bolivia.
1968 Every small compagny is nationalized. 1970 The plan of extending the national succer production up to 10.000.000 tons pr/year fail. This causes a stronger bond with the Sovjet union. 1972 Cuba is a member og COMECON. 1975 The first PPc congress and the Cuban troops are send to Angola. 1976 New constitution. Castro becomes president. The new nconstitution establish that the ideology of the state is marxistick-lennistick. 1977 Washington and Havana reestablish limited diplomatick connections. 1978 Exile-cubans is permitted to visit family in Cuba. 1980 Cubans force their way in to the ambassy of Peru in Havana, and aply for asylum. Jimmi Carter anounce that all political priseners will be accepted in the US. Castro opens up the harbour in Mariel, and 125.000 cubans is permitted to flee. Castro makes shure that also unwanted persons, like criminels, are going to the US. 1981 According to the US, Cuba is strongly involved in the civilwars of Surinam and Grenada. the accusations makes the relationship worse. 1983 The US invades Grenada. 24 cubans is killed. 1984 Cuba boycutts the olympics in the US. 1985 Radio Marti starts anti-Castro broadcasting from Miami. 1989 Generel Arnaldo Ochoa is executed for drugsmugling. 1989-90 The Sovjet Union is dissolved. Cuba looses the support of 500 mio. US$ pr. year and a lot of businesspartners. 1990 Periodo especial, the special period, is introduced in the acknowledgement of the economical difficulties. Special initiatives is taken. For example turism. 1992 The PCC-congress permits believers to be members of the partie. 1993 Limited privat trade is permitted. The ban on possession of american dollars is cancelled. 1994 Rebellion in Havana. Castro speaks to calm the puplic. Around 40.000 flees for Florida, when US promisses asylum for the refugees. The goverment permits more privat markeds and people to sell their extra articles (after fullfilling the national qotes. 1995 Cuba's best year of turism since the revolution. 750.000 turists visits the country. 1996 Cuba shoots down two civil exile-cuban plains. The US answers back by establishing a law, that permits to sue compagnies trading with Cuba. 1998 Pope Johannes Paul the 2. visit Cuba. 1999-2000 The 6 year old boy, becomes "kastebold" in the politic game between Cuba and US. 2000 US ease the sanctions towards Cuba by permitting export of medicin and provisions.